Hip joint Flashcards
What type of joint is the hip joint?
Synovial ball and socket joint
What articulation forms the hip joint?
Pelvic acetablum
Head of femur
How is the hip different to the glenohumeral joint?
More stability and weight bearing
Less range of movement
What covers the acetablum and head of femur?
Articular cartilage - thicker in places of weight bearing
What is the function of the ligamnets in the hip joint?
To increase stability
What is the acetabulum?
Cuplike depression
On inferolateral aspect of pelvis
How is the acetabulum deepened?
By fibrocartilaginous collar – the acetabular labrum
What are the two groups of ligaments at the hip joint?
Intracapsular
Extracapsular
What is the intracapsular ligament of the hip joint?
Ligament head of femur
Relatively small from acetabula fossa to fovea of the femur
Encloses a branch of obturator artery
What are the three extracapsular ligaments of the hip joint?
Iliofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament
Ischiofemoral ligament
Where is the iliofemoral ligament?
Extracapsular hip joint ligament
From anterior inferior iliac spine then bifurcates into intratrochanteric line of femur
What is the role of the iliofemoral ligament?
Prevents hyper extension of the hip joint
Strongest of extracapsular ligaments
Where is the pubofemoral ligament? 
Extracapsular hip joint ligament
Between superior pubic rami and intratrochanteric line of femur
What is the role of the pubofemoral ligament?
Reinforces capsule anteriorly and inferiorly (triangle shaped)
Prevents excessive abduction and extension
Where is the ischiofemoral ligament?
Extracapsular hip joint ligament
Between body of ischium and the greatest trochanter of femur
What is the role of the ischiofemoral ligament?
Reinforces capsule posteriorly
Prevents hyper extension and hold femoral head in acetabulum
What is the main arterial supply of the hip joint?
Medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries
Where are the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries from?
They are branches of the profunda femoris artery (deep femoral artery)
They join at the base of the femoral neck to form a ring
Which artery is responsible for most of the arterial supply to the hip joint?
Medial circumflex femoral artery as lateral has to penetrate through iliofemoral ligament
What can damage to media circumflex artery result in?
Avascular necrosis of femoral head
Which nerves innervate the hip joint?
Sciatic, femoral and obturator
Why can referred pain be in the knee from the hip?
The same nerves that innervate the hip joint also innervate the knee
What are the possible movement at the hip joint?
Flexion and extension
Abduction and adduction
Lateral and medial rotation
Which muscles are responsible for flexion at the hip joint?
Iliopsoas
Rectus femoris
Sartorius
Pectineus
Which muscles are responsible for extension at the hip joint?
Gluteus maximus
Semimembranosus
Semi tendinosis
Bicep femoris (hamstrings)
Which muscles are responsible for abduction at the hip joint?
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Piriformis
Tensor fascia latae 
Which muscles are responsible for adduction at the hip joint?
Adductors longus, brevis, magnus, pectineus and gracilis
Which muscles are responsible for lateral rotation at the hip joint?
Biceps femoris
Gluteus maximus
Piriformis
Assisted by the obturators, gemilli and quadratus femoris
Which muscles are responsible for medial rotation at the hip joint?
Anterior fibres of gluteus medius and minimus
Tensor fascia latae
