Hip Dysplasia Flashcards
What are the two presentations of hip dysplasia?
6-12 months due to subluxation stretching the joint capsule and joint injury
Old dogs present with pain and lameness due to DJD
What is the normal hip joint appearance radiographically? What changes are seen with hip dysplasia?
Half the femoral head inside the dorsal acetabular margin, cranial margin has fine symmetrical space
DYSPLASIA- wedge shaped joint space, cranial acetabular margin damage. Opacity subchondral bone.
DJD- osteophyte cranial margin and new bone formation in fossa
How do dogs respond to conservative management of hip dysplasia?
75% will develop scar tissue and return to normal function
The surface for articulation will be reduced
They will develop DJD
When is Juvenile Pelvic Symphysiodesis considered?
Pups less than 20 weeks diagnosed with screening, or those with palpable and radiographic evidence of laxity
Risks are low, does not preclude other surgery
When and why is Pelvic Osteotomy used?
Younger patients to rotate and lateralise the acetabulum, increasing coverage of the femoral head
Angle of reduction less than 30
Angle of subluxation less than 10
When is Total Hip Replacement used?
It is a salvage procedure carried out late in life (so that it does not have to be revised)
Cementless- bone growth into prosthesis so less likely to loosen
Older patients have slower bone growth and higher fracture risk
When is femoral head and neck excision used?
To limit bony contract between femoral head and acetabulum, causes formation of a false joint
Smaller patients have better results but indicated in large and giant breeds
How are the angles of reduction and subluxation measured?
In dorsal recumbency GA
Angle of reduction- the point where the femoral head relocates into the acetabulum during abduction
Angle of luxation- adduct to where the joint luxates again
Reduction=maximal angle for rotation if pelvic osteotomy is planned
