Hip Anatomy and Biomechanics Flashcards
What is the primary function of the hip?
To support the weight of the body
Structurally, the hip is suited for _____ first, then ____.
Stability, mobility
Which muscles attach to the ischial tuberosity?
- semimembranosus
- semitendinosus
- long head of biceps femoris
- adductor magnus
- quadratus femoris
- gemellus inferior
Which directions doe the acetabulum face?
Laterally, inferiorly, and anteriorly
How is the head of the femur angled?
Anteriorly, superiorly, and medially
The femoral neck is rotated ______ with respect to the shaft.
Externally
Which muscles attach to the greater trochanter?
- piriformis
- gluteus medius
- gluteus minimus
- obturator internus
- gemellus superior
- gemellus inferior
What does the joint capsule attach to?
Attaches proximally to the pelvis, just lateral to the acetabulum
Extends laterally over the femoral head and neck to attach to the intertrochanteric line anteriorly
Posteriorly, the capsule attaches to the lateral one-third of the femoral neck
Articular cartilage and the joint capsule are thicker ________, where maximal stress and weight-bearing occurs.
Anteriosuperiorly
What is another name for the iliofemoral ligament?
Y ligament of Bigelow
Which ligament prevents excessive abduction?
Pubofemoral
Which ligament is the strongest of the hip?
Iliofemoral
Which ligament is tight with extension?
Ischiofemoral
Which ligament is the weakest?
Ischiofemoral
Which ligament limits extension?
Pubofemoral
What are the contents of the femoral triangle?
- Femoral nerve
- Femoral artery
- Femoral vein
- Lymphatics
What is the resting position of the hip?
30 degrees flexion, 30 degrees abduction, slight external rotation
What is the closed-packed position of the hip?
Extension, internal rotation and abduction
What is the capsular pattern of the hip?
Flexion, abduction, internal rotation
What is the force on the hip when standing?
0.3 x body weight
What is the force on the hip when standing on one limb?
2.4-2.6 x body weight
What is the force on the hip when walking?
1.3-5.8 x body weight
What is the force on the hip when walking up stairs?
3 x body weight
What is the force on the hip when running?
4.5+ x body weight
What is the normal range of motion and end-feel for hip flexion?
110-120 degrees
Tissue approximation or tissue stretch
What is the normal range of motion and end-feel for hip extension?
10-15 degrees
Tissue stretch
What is the normal range of motion and end-feel for hip abduction?
30-50 degrees
Tissue stretch
What is the normal range of motion and end-feel for hip adduction?
25-30 degrees
Tissue approximation or tissue stretch
What is the normal range of motion and end-feel for hip external rotation?
40-60 degrees
Tissue stretch
What is the normal range of motion and end-feel for hip internal rotation?
30-40 degrees
Tissue stretch
What is the angle of inclination? What is normal?
The angle between the femoral shaft and the neck
125-130 is normal
What is coxa valga?
This causes a mechanical disadvantage of the hip ____ due to shortened moment arm.
This _____ overall length of the LE.
Increase in inclination angle, causing the femoral head to be directed more superiorly in the acetabulum
Hip abductors
Increases
What is coxa vara?
This _____ downward shear force on femoral head.
This _____ tensile stretching forces through the superior trabecular bone along the lateral portion of the neck.
This _____ joint compression forces.
Decrease in the inclination angle, causing the femoral head to be directed more horizontal in the acetablum.
Increases
Increases
Decreases
What is the angle of torsion?
What is normal?
The relative rotation that exists between the shaft and the neck of the femur
Normal is 8-15 degrees anterior to a mediolateral axis to the femoral condyles
What constitutes anteversion? These patients usually have more hip ____ than ___ with associated toeing-in with WB.
Anterior orientation of the femoral neck to the femoral condyles - 35 degrees
More IR than ER and toeing-in
What constitutes retroversion?
These patients usually have more _____ than ____ and associated _______.
Posterior orientation of the femoral neck to the femoral condyles- 5 degrees
More ER than IR and toeing-out
