Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Orthopaedics > Hip > Flashcards

Hip Flashcards

1
Q

Why does pathology in the hip commonly radiate the knee

A

The obturator nerve supplies both joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where can hip pathology present i.e. where can it produce pain

A

Groin
Buttock pain
Knee pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is usually the first sign of hip pathology

A

Loss of internal rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the hip abductor muscles

A

gluteus medius and minimus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What causes a positive Trendelenburg sign

A

abductor muscle weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the gold standard material THR

A

cemented metal stainless steel stem and a high density polyethylene cup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the ultimate cause of failure of a THR

A

loosening of one or both prosthetic components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How long does a THR usually last for

A

15-20 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Generally, what is the principal of uncemented THR

A

the aim is for bone to grow into a roughened porous surface of the stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What causes the loosening of the materials in THR

A

Wear particles from the implant cause an inflammatory reaction at the implant-bone interface. The release of inflammatory mediators results in osteoclastic bone resorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why were ceramics materials not previously used as the material for THR

A

They were too brittle, so fatigued too easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why are metal-on-metal THR replacements not used

A

They can lead to a local reaction to the metal debris and cause a “inflammatory pseudotumour”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the conservative Mx options for arthritic hip pain

A

Simple analgesics
Physio
Use of a stick (reduces joint force)
Weight reduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Early local complications of THR

A

Infection
Dislocation
Nerve injury (sciatic)
Leg length discrepancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Early general complications of THR

A

medical complications from surgery

  • MI
  • chest infection
  • UTI
  • blood loss
  • hypovolaemia
  • DVT & PE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Late local complications of THR

A

Early loosening
Late infection
Late dislocation

17
Q

If a primary THR fails, what can be done

A

it can be re-done - revision hip replacement

18
Q

Problems with revision hip replacements

A 
bigger and more complex surgery 
more blood loss 
twice the complication rates 
poorer functional outcomes 
don't last as long as primary replacements
19
Q

Why are THR in younger patient’s not recommended?

A

they have a higher risk of requiring revision surgery in later life as they put more demand on prosthetic hip

20
Q

Causes of hip AVN

A 
idiopathic 
alcohol abuse 
steroids 
hyperlipidaemia 
thrombophilia
21
Q

presentation of hip AVN

A

groin pain

22
Q

Ix for AVN

A

MRI
- best for seeing early changes, as these won’t show on xray

patchy sclerosis of weight bearing area of femoral head
lytic zone underneath (formed by granulation tissue attempting repair)

23
Q

Classic sign of AVN on xray

A

Hanging rope sign

  • caused by the lytic lesion forming underneath the weight bearing part of the femoral head
24
Q

What is the consequence of undetected AVN

A

Femoral head collapse, with subsequent secondary OA

25
Q

Tx of hip AVN

A

pre-collapse of femoral head:
drill holes up to femoral neck to relieve pressure

if femoral head has collapsed:
THR

26
Q

hip abductor muscles

A

gluteus medius and minimus

tensor fasciae latae

27
Q

where do the gluteus medius and minimus attach to

A

greater trochanter of femur

28
Q

what is trochanteric bursitis

A

inflammation of the broad tendinous insertion of the hip abductor muscles

29
Q

What is trochanteric bursitis also known as

A

gluteal cuff syndrome

30
Q

presentation of trochanteric bursitis

A

pain and tenderness in region of greater trochanter region

pain on resisted abduction

31
Q

Tx of trochanteric bursitis

A

analgesia
NSAIDs
physio
steroid injection

32
Q

What are the types of hip impingement

A
  1. CAM = a deformity of the femur
  2. Pincer = a deformity of the acetabulum
    - most patients with hip impingement have a combo of these deformities
33
Q

What are patients with hip impingement more susceptible to

A

Perthes/SUFE

Orthopaedics (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions