Hip

Question 1

Joints of the Pelvic girdle

Answer 1

• Sacroiliac joints (x2)

- Pubic symphysis

Question 2

Three parts of the innominate bones

Answer 2

• Ilium
• Ischium
• Pubis

Question 3

What type of joint is the hip joint?

Answer 3

Ball and socket joint

Question 4

What provides the stability of the hip joint

Answer 4

- Acetabular anatomy
 >
- Fibrous capsule
- Ligaments
 > Iliofemoral
 > Pubofemoral
 > Ischiofemoral

Question 5

The articular surface of the labrum

Answer 5

The lunate surface

- Smooth and crescent shaped

Question 6

What bridges the Acetabular notch

Answer 6

The transverse Acetabular ligament

Question 7

The space between the Acetabular notch and the transverse Acetabular ligament

Contents of this space

Answer 7

• Acetabular foramen

- Allows passage of blood vessels and nerves to and from the hip joint

Question 8

What covers the lunate surface and the head of the femur (except the fovea)?

Answer 8

Hyaline cartilage

Question 9

Functions of synovial fluid

Answer 9

• Lubrication
• Nutrient distribution
  > Vital for healthy cartilage, which has a very poor blood supply so relies on diffusion from the synovial fluid
• Shock absorption

Question 10

Attachments of the fibrous capsule of the hip

Answer 10

The articular capsule is strong and dense

• Proximal attachment encircles rim of acetabulum
• Distal attachment = femoral neck (intertrochanteric line and greater trochanter)

Question 11

Iliofemoral ligament

Answer 11

• Covers hip joint superiorly and anteriorly
• Strongest ligament
• Prevents hyper extension of the hip during standing = screws in the femoral head

Question 12

Pubofemoral ligament

Answer 12

• Covers hip joint inferiorly and anteriorly

- Prevents excessive ABduction (and extension)

Question 13

Ischiofemoral ligament

Answer 13

• Covers hip joint posteriorly
• Weakest ligament
• Prevents excessive extension of the femur at the hip joint

Question 14

How do hip ligaments improve hip stability?

Answer 14

• The ligaments spiral round the hip joint
• Ligaments are taut when hip is extended
• The taut ligaments pull the femoral head into the acetabulum = improved stability

Question 15

Three bones of the pelvic girdle

Answer 15

Left and right innominate bones and the sacrum