Ankle

Question 1

What bones make up the ankle joint?

Answer 1

The distal tibia and fibula with the talus

Question 2

Movements at the ankle joint

Answer 2

Dorsiflexion

Plantar flexion

Question 3

What increases stability of the ankle?

Answer 3

• Good congruity between the malleolar mortice and trochlea
• very strong ligaments between the bones of the ankle joint including:
  > distal part of the interosseous membrane
  > medial ligament
  > anterior and posterior tibiofubular ligaments

Question 4

Congruity between malleolar mortice and trochlea

Answer 4

• The trochlea of the talus is wider anteriorly than posteriorly
• During dorsiflexion the anterior part of the trochlea moves between the malleoli
• This spreads the tibia and fibula slightly, increasing their grip on the talus
  = Dorsiflexion is the most stable position of the ankle joint.

Question 5

What sort of joint is the ankle?

Answer 5

A synovial hinge joint

Question 6

Lateral ligaments increasing ankle stability

Answer 6

• Posterior talofibular ligament
• Calcaneofibular ligament
• Anterior talofibular ligament

Question 7

Parts of the Medial/deltoid ligament

Answer 7

• Anterior tibiotalar part
• Tibionavicular part
• Tibiocalcaneal part
• Posterior tibiotalar part

Question 8

Plantarflexion - muscles and nerves and blood supply

Answer 8

Muscles:
- Posterior compartment of the leg (except popliteus)

Nerve supply
- Tibial nerve

Blood supply
- Posterior tibial artery

Question 9

Dorsiflexion - muscles and nerves and blood supply

Answer 9

Muscles
- Anterior compartment of the leg

Nerve supply
- Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

Blood supply
- Anterior tibial artery

Question 10

Inversion and Eversion of the foot

Answer 10

Subtalar joint (between the talus and the underlying calcaneus)
Also some movement in the transverse tarsal joint