Foot

Question 1

Function of the arches of the foot

Answer 1

• Help to distribute weight by acting as shock absorbers
• Increase the flexibility of the foot
• Act as springboards for propulsion during walking, running and jumping

Question 2

Medial longitudinal arch

Comprises, weight distribution and comparison

Answer 2

Comprises - calcaneus, talus, navicular, three cuneiforms and medial three metatarsals

• weight is transferred through the talus to the calcaneus and metatarsal heads
• medial longitudinal arch is higher and more important than the lateral longitudinal arch

Question 3

Lateral longitudinal arch

Answer 3

Comprises - calcaneus, cuboid and lateral two metatarsals

Question 4

Transverse arch

Answer 4

Comprises

- cuboid, three cuneiforms and bases of the five metatarsals

Question 5

Passive support for the arches of the foot

Answer 5

• Shape of the bones of the foot
• Plantar aponeurosis
  Ligaments
• Long plantar ligament
• Short plantar ligament
• Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

Question 6

Dynamic support for the arches of the foot

Answer 6

• Tibialis posterior
• Tibialis anterior
• Flexor hallucis longus
• Fibularis longus
• intrinsic plantar muscles
• Calcaneal tendon

Question 7

Joints of the foot

Answer 7

- Transverse tarsal joint 
 > Talonavicular joint
 > Calcaneocuboid joint
- Naviculocuneiform joints
- Tarsometatarsal joints
- Metatarsophalangeal joints
- Interphalangeal joints