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Kines Test 2 > Hip > Flashcards

Hip Flashcards

0
Q

Acetabulum

A
  • formed by ilium, ischium and pubis

- positioned laterally, inferiorly and anterior

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1
Q

Hip joint

A
  • articulation between acetabulum pelvis and head of femur
  • ball and socket
  • 3 degrees of freedom
  • primary function is weight bearing
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2
Q

How to measure acetabulum depth

A
  • Center edge angle
  • decreased angle (dysplasia) - shallow - instability
  • increase angle - more in socket - decreased ROM and impingement
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3
Q

Transverse acetabular lig

A

connects the two ends of the acetabulum

*BV pass under here

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4
Q

Head of the femur is covered in

A

hyaline cartilage - except the fovea - ligamentum teres which gives the blood supply

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5
Q

Angle of Inclination

A
  • angle between head and neck & shaft of femur
  • normal: 110-144
  • greater trochanter in line with center of femoral head
  • smaller in women bc wider hips
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6
Q

Coxa valga

A
  • increased angle of inclination
  • decrease the shear or bending force
  • decreased distance between greater troch and head = smaller MA
  • less femoral articulation - more dislocations
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7
Q

Coxa vara

A
  • decrease angle
  • can actually be a benefit
  • less force to overcome bc larger MA of abductors
  • increase bending (tensile force)
  • if too much, causes neck fractures
  • Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
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8
Q

Femoral torsion

A
  • affects the knee and foot
  • transverse place - head and neck –> condyles
  • normal: 10-20
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9
Q

femoral anteversion

A

> 15-20 degrees

  • increased IR decreased ER
  • decreased joint stability
  • decreased moment arm of abduction
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10
Q

femoral retroversion

A

< 15-20

  • increased exernal rotation
  • decreased internal
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11
Q

T of F: coxa valga and femoral anteroversion are found together

A

true

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12
Q

femoral anteversion may cause

A

toe-in gait because it turns whole femur medially, changing axis of flexion and extension for knee

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13
Q

Most congruent position of the hip

A

flexion, abduction external rotation

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14
Q

Hip joint capsule is thickened

A

anterosuperiorly

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15
Q

Capsular ligaments of the hip

A
  • iliofemoral * primary
  • pubofemoral - helps prevent lateral rotation
  • ischiofemoral - help prevent medially rotation
    • all are tight in extension
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16
Q

The hip joint can support ___ of BW

A

2/3 HAT

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17
Q

CLosed pack position of ligaments and capsule

A

extension, abductin and IR

-ligaments are tight , pulling head into acetabulum

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18
Q

When is the hip most vulnerable to posterior disloction

A

flexion and adductin - driving a car

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19
Q

Least capsuloligamentous tension

A

moderate flexion - slight abduction and midrotation

-assume if swelling

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20
Q

___ determines ___

A

stress / structure

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21
Q

___ lateral ___ medial

A

tension / compression

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22
Q

Normal ROM: hip flexion

A

120 with knee bent

*only 90 when knee extended bc of passive insuff of hamstrings

23
Q

Normal ROM: hip extension

A

10-30

bending knee will limit ROM bc of passive insuff of quads

24
Q

zone of weakness

A

anterior femoral neck - trabeculae are weak

25
Q

Normal ROM: hip abduction

A

45-50

*may be limited by gracilis

26
Q

Normal ROM: hip adduction

A

20-30

* may be limited by TFL

27
Q

Normal ROM: hip IR/ER

A

42-50

*45 each

28
Q

Anterior tilt of pelvis causes

A

hip flexion

29
Q

posterior tilt of pelvis causes

A

extension

30
Q

Right hip hike

A

-Right hip ADD , left hip ABD, lumbar SB to the right

31
Q

Right pelvic drop

A

Right hip AB, left hip AD, lumbar SB to left

32
Q

Lateral pelvic tilt in bilateral stance

A

-pelvic shift to the right (left hip drop)
-cannot have hip hike
-right leg with adduct
-left leg with abduct
sooooo
-right abductors and left adductors will work to shift back to neutral

33
Q

Forward and backward pelvic rotation

A
  • movement of the pelvic ring in the transverse plane
  • axis of rotation relates to weight bearing hip
  • if bilateral stance - be specific
  • if weight if on left foot, and right hip moves anterior then it is left hip forward rotation
34
Q

forward rotation causes ____ rotation of the weight bearing limb, but backward rotation causes ___

A

medial rotation / lateral rotation

35
Q

Open kinetic chain

A

head and trunk will follow motion of pelvis; flex lower back and hip

36
Q

Closed kinetic chain

A

head will remain upright; tight hip flexors and lordosis in lower back

37
Q

side lying and lifting leg into abduction ..

A

hip abduction, pelvic hike and lumbar flexion to same side

38
Q

Major hip flexors

A

iliopsoas, rectus femoris, TFL and sartorius

39
Q

hip adductors

A

Pectineus, Add brevis, Add longus, Add magnus & gracilis (only 2 joint adductor)

40
Q

hip extensors

A

glut max
hamstrings
post fibers of glut med, add magnus and piriformis

41
Q

Abductors

A 
glut medius (lateral)
glut min (anterior)
42
Q

External rotators

A

obturator internus and externus
inferior and superior gemellus
quadratus femoris
piriformis

43
Q

internal rotators

A

no muscles primary action is IR

-anterior portion of glut med, glut min and TFL

44
Q

When standing what holds us up

A
  • joint capsule and ligaments support 2/3 of body weight (HAT) and 1/3 on each side
  • hips are in extension so capsule is tight
  • gravity is behind the capsule so it can overcome this force
  • NO MUSCLE activity needed to maintain posture
45
Q

How is weight transmitted

A
  • weight from HAT
  • force to the pelvic
  • to the femur
  • causes hip joint compression
46
Q

Unilateral stance

A
  • R hip suppors HAT and weight of L leg
  • weight also causes right hhip add
  • abductors counteract this force
  • muscle force also causes compression at the joint
47
Q

Compensatory lateral lean

A
  • we lean to leg that is bearing weight
  • to decrease MA of abductors
  • decrease the joint compression
  • but increase stress on lumbar spine
48
Q

Trendelenburg

A
  • trunk lean due to glut med weakness
  • pelvic will drop with weak hip abductors
  • lateral trunk will lean
49
Q

Antalgic gait

A

-trunk lean due to hip pain

50
Q

use of a cane ipsilaterally

A
  • cane reduces BW by 15%
  • if no lateral trunk lean, then more joint compressing forces with ipsilateral cane compared to trunk lean
  • function of cane is to take away the lateral lean and move COM back to base of stability - this is hurting you because causing even more compression on bad side
51
Q

use of cane contralaterally

A
  • when contralateral cane can also assist the right hip (bad hip) abduction
  • therefore, only joint compression by BW (minus what is loaded through the hand)
52
Q

Femoroacetabular impiingement

A

Cam or Pincer

53
Q

Cam impingement

A
  • deformity of femoral neck
  • widening of neck
  • anerior superior labrum inpingement
54
Q

Pincer impingement

A
  • abnormal, deeper acetabulum

- causes compression of the superior labrum

55
Q

Arthrosis

A
  • most common = OA
  • related to anatomical abnormalities
  • increased age/height ratio
  • running is NOT associated with OA changes
56
Q

Hip fractures

A
  • caused by bending force at neck
  • break at the zone of weakness
  • more likely in >70

Kines Test 2 (4 decks)

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