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Kines Test 2 > Hip > Flashcards

Hip Flashcards

0
Q

Acetabulum

A
  • formed by ilium, ischium and pubis

- positioned laterally, inferiorly and anterior

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1
Q

Hip joint

A
  • articulation between acetabulum pelvis and head of femur
  • ball and socket
  • 3 degrees of freedom
  • primary function is weight bearing
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2
Q

How to measure acetabulum depth

A
  • Center edge angle
  • decreased angle (dysplasia) - shallow - instability
  • increase angle - more in socket - decreased ROM and impingement
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3
Q

Transverse acetabular lig

A

connects the two ends of the acetabulum

*BV pass under here

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4
Q

Head of the femur is covered in

A

hyaline cartilage - except the fovea - ligamentum teres which gives the blood supply

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5
Q

Angle of Inclination

A
  • angle between head and neck & shaft of femur
  • normal: 110-144
  • greater trochanter in line with center of femoral head
  • smaller in women bc wider hips
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6
Q

Coxa valga

A
  • increased angle of inclination
  • decrease the shear or bending force
  • decreased distance between greater troch and head = smaller MA
  • less femoral articulation - more dislocations
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7
Q

Coxa vara

A
  • decrease angle
  • can actually be a benefit
  • less force to overcome bc larger MA of abductors
  • increase bending (tensile force)
  • if too much, causes neck fractures
  • Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
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8
Q

Femoral torsion

A
  • affects the knee and foot
  • transverse place - head and neck –> condyles
  • normal: 10-20
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9
Q

femoral anteversion

A

> 15-20 degrees

  • increased IR decreased ER
  • decreased joint stability
  • decreased moment arm of abduction
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10
Q

femoral retroversion

A

< 15-20

  • increased exernal rotation
  • decreased internal
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11
Q

T of F: coxa valga and femoral anteroversion are found together

A

true

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12
Q

femoral anteversion may cause

A

toe-in gait because it turns whole femur medially, changing axis of flexion and extension for knee

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13
Q

Most congruent position of the hip

A

flexion, abduction external rotation

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14
Q

Hip joint capsule is thickened

A

anterosuperiorly

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15
Q

Capsular ligaments of the hip

A
  • iliofemoral * primary
  • pubofemoral - helps prevent lateral rotation
  • ischiofemoral - help prevent medially rotation
    • all are tight in extension
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16
Q

The hip joint can support ___ of BW

A

2/3 HAT

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17
Q

CLosed pack position of ligaments and capsule

A

extension, abductin and IR

-ligaments are tight , pulling head into acetabulum

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18
Q

When is the hip most vulnerable to posterior disloction

A

flexion and adductin - driving a car

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19
Q

Least capsuloligamentous tension

A

moderate flexion - slight abduction and midrotation

-assume if swelling

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20
Q

___ determines ___

A

stress / structure

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21
Q

___ lateral ___ medial

A

tension / compression

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22
Q

Normal ROM: hip flexion

A

120 with knee bent

*only 90 when knee extended bc of passive insuff of hamstrings

23
Q

Normal ROM: hip extension

A

10-30

bending knee will limit ROM bc of passive insuff of quads

24
zone of weakness
anterior femoral neck - trabeculae are weak
25
Normal ROM: hip abduction
45-50 | *may be limited by gracilis
26
Normal ROM: hip adduction
20-30 | * may be limited by TFL
27
Normal ROM: hip IR/ER
42-50 | *45 each
28
Anterior tilt of pelvis causes
hip flexion
29
posterior tilt of pelvis causes
extension
30
Right hip hike
-Right hip ADD , left hip ABD, lumbar SB to the right
31
Right pelvic drop
Right hip AB, left hip AD, lumbar SB to left
32
Lateral pelvic tilt in bilateral stance
-pelvic shift to the right (left hip drop) -cannot have hip hike -right leg with adduct -left leg with abduct sooooo -right abductors and left adductors will work to shift back to neutral
33
Forward and backward pelvic rotation
- movement of the pelvic ring in the transverse plane - axis of rotation relates to weight bearing hip - if bilateral stance - be specific * if weight if on left foot, and right hip moves anterior then it is left hip forward rotation
34
forward rotation causes ____ rotation of the weight bearing limb, but backward rotation causes ___
medial rotation / lateral rotation
35
Open kinetic chain
head and trunk will follow motion of pelvis; flex lower back and hip
36
Closed kinetic chain
head will remain upright; tight hip flexors and lordosis in lower back
37
side lying and lifting leg into abduction ..
hip abduction, pelvic hike and lumbar flexion to same side
38
Major hip flexors
iliopsoas, rectus femoris, TFL and sartorius
39
hip adductors
Pectineus, Add brevis, Add longus, Add magnus & gracilis (only 2 joint adductor)
40
hip extensors
glut max hamstrings post fibers of glut med, add magnus and piriformis
41
Abductors
``` glut medius (lateral) glut min (anterior) ```
42
External rotators
obturator internus and externus inferior and superior gemellus quadratus femoris piriformis
43
internal rotators
no muscles primary action is IR | -anterior portion of glut med, glut min and TFL
44
When standing what holds us up
- joint capsule and ligaments support 2/3 of body weight (HAT) and 1/3 on each side - hips are in extension so capsule is tight - gravity is behind the capsule so it can overcome this force - NO MUSCLE activity needed to maintain posture
45
How is weight transmitted
- weight from HAT - force to the pelvic - to the femur - causes hip joint compression
46
Unilateral stance
- R hip suppors HAT and weight of L leg - weight also causes right hhip add - abductors counteract this force - muscle force also causes compression at the joint
47
Compensatory lateral lean
- we lean to leg that is bearing weight - to decrease MA of abductors - decrease the joint compression - but increase stress on lumbar spine
48
Trendelenburg
- trunk lean due to glut med weakness - pelvic will drop with weak hip abductors - lateral trunk will lean
49
Antalgic gait
-trunk lean due to hip pain
50
use of a cane ipsilaterally
- cane reduces BW by 15% - if no lateral trunk lean, then more joint compressing forces with ipsilateral cane compared to trunk lean * function of cane is to take away the lateral lean and move COM back to base of stability - this is hurting you because causing even more compression on bad side
51
use of cane contralaterally
- when contralateral cane can also assist the right hip (bad hip) abduction - therefore, only joint compression by BW (minus what is loaded through the hand)
52
Femoroacetabular impiingement
Cam or Pincer
53
Cam impingement
- deformity of femoral neck - widening of neck - anerior superior labrum inpingement
54
Pincer impingement
- abnormal, deeper acetabulum | - causes compression of the superior labrum
55
Arthrosis
- most common = OA - related to anatomical abnormalities - increased age/height ratio * running is NOT associated with OA changes
56
Hip fractures
- caused by bending force at neck - break at the zone of weakness - more likely in >70

Kines Test 2 (4 decks)

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