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Kines Test 2 > Elbow > Flashcards

Elbow Flashcards

0
Q

What type of joint is the elbow

A

modified hinge

1 degree of freedom

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1
Q

Elbow complex consists of (joints)

A

humeroulnar, humeroradial and prox & distal radioulnar joints

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2
Q

How many degrees of freedom in elbow?

A

1
flex/ext
slight axial rotation and side to side motion of ulna

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3
Q

CLosed pack postition of elbow

A

extension

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4
Q

Which part of the trochlea is longer?

A

MEdial - causes valgus Angulation - carrying angle

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5
Q

Capitulum with the ___ Trochlea with the __

A

Radius / Ulna

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6
Q

More force, the more contact between ..

A

trochlea and depths of trochlear notch

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7
Q

T or F: single joint capsule for all 3 joints?

A

T

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8
Q

Where is the joint capsule weak

A

anterior and posterior

*reinforced with medial and lateral collateral ligs

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9
Q

Ligaments of Medial elbow

A

anterior *major in valgus force
posterior * limits extension
transverse * keep joint in approximation
*fuses with common flexor tendon and prevents against valgus stress at 20-120 degrees of flexion
*most damage occurs when shoulder ex rotated and elbow flexed

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10
Q

Ligaments of lateral elbow

A

lateral (radial) collateral *merges with annular
lateral (ulnar) collateral
annular lig
*fused with common extensor tendon
*stabilizes against varus and supination forces
*secures ulna to humerus

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11
Q

Muscles of anterior aspect of elbow

A

Brachialis, Biceps, Brachioradialis (function at elbow)
Supinator (ant and posterior) & pronator teres (radioulnar joint)
FCR, FCU, FDS, PL (medial epicondyle – wrist and fingers)

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12
Q

Muscles of posterior elbow

A

Triceps, anconeous, supinator (act at elbow - extension)

ECRL,ECRB,ED,EDM,ECU (Lateral epicondyle - wrist and fingers)

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13
Q

Muscle most involved in lateral epicondylitis

A

ECRB

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14
Q

Carrying angle

A 
cubitus valgus 
normal: 10-15 degrees
F>M
after 30 degrees, goes away
dominant arm = slightly larger
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15
Q

The amount of range of motion at the elbow depends on

A
  • type of motion (active = 135 or passive = 150)
  • postiion of forearm (supination or pronation) - less flexion in pronation and neutral rotation
  • BMI
  • Position of shoulder
  • Swelling
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16
Q

When shoulder is flexed & elbow extended …

A

will be hard to flex because of AI from bicep and PI from tricep

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17
Q

Closed pack position of elbow

A

extension

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18
Q

Brachialis

A
  • one joint muscle
  • Large PCSA
  • MA greatest at 100
  • unaffected by position of forearm
  • active during all types of contraction
  • MOBILITY MUSCLE
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19
Q

Biceps Brachii

A
  • 2 joint muscle
  • long head = largest but small PCSA
  • MA greatest between 80-100
  • Affected by shoulder and forearm position
  • not active when pronated, but if weight increases it becomes active
  • MOBILITY MUSCLE
20
Q

Brachioradialis

A
  • COMPRESSION/STABILITY
  • 1 joint muscle
  • Small PCSA
  • MA greatest at 100-120
  • Affected by forearm position and types of contraction
  • not active in slow concentric or essentric contracition
21
Q

Triceps

A
  • Extensor
  • 2 joint muscle
  • small PCSA
  • Max isometric t at 90
  • not affected by forearm position but affected by shoulder position
  • helps prevent flexion while bicep supinated
  • essentrically working when doing a pushup (down)
  • concentrically going up from a push up
22
Q

Where is the head of the ulna

A

distal

23
Q

Radial notch of ulna is (prox or distal)

A

prox

24
Q

T or F: movement at one radioulnar joint causes movement at the other

A

true

25
Q

Proximal radioulnar joint

A
  • uniaxial pivot joint
  • annular lig - head of radius
  • quadrate lig (ulna –> radius; reinforce inferior joint capsule)
  • oblique cord - ulna –>radius - prevent separation
26
Q

Distal radioulnar joint

A

-Interosseus membrane - syndesmosis
-dorsal and palmar (longer) radioulnar ligs
_ When look from underneath, makes a V and connect to ulnar styloid process

27
Q

Force is transmitted from ..

A

hand –> radius –> ulna –> elbow –> humerus

28
Q

Muscles involved in gripping

A 
FCU
FCR
ECU
ECRB
Brachioradialis
29
Q

Pronator muscles originate __ and insert __

A

on ulna insert on radius

30
Q

Supinator originates __ and inserts __

A

lateral epicondle of humerus –> posterior medial radius

31
Q

ROM of supination and pronation

A

70 each way – total is about 150

measure at 90 degress of elbow flexion (no shoulder motion)

32
Q

Pronation is limited by __

A

**bony approx
dorsal RU lig
MCL
tension in bicep

33
Q

SUpination is limited by

A

passive tension of palmar RU lig and oblique cord

34
Q

When forced is increased during supination, which muscle helps out?

A

bicep

35
Q

in pronation, which muscle is always active?

A

pronator quadratus

pronator teres slight flexion of elbow - works more when extended

36
Q

pronation cause the __ to slide over the __

A

radius over the ulna

37
Q

ADLs (eat,drink, brush teeth, dress) requires ___ flexion and ___ pronation/supination

A

at least 30-130 flexion
50 pronation
50 supination

38
Q

Using the telephone requres

A

large arc flexion(93) and sup(40)/pro(20)

39
Q

radioulnar joint provides __ but sacrifices __ to the hand

A

mobility / stability

40
Q

Effects of age

A
  • decreased muscle strength

- errors in judgement

41
Q

Compression injury to the elbow

A
  • bony failure when landing on extended elbow and wrist
  • radial head on capitulum will fracture radial head/neck; accompanied by a tear in central band of IM
  • fracture of the coronoid process or olecranon
  • transmission to the humerus
42
Q

Forceful muscle contraction injury

A
  • high compression (baseball)
  • nerve compression (ulnar nerve in cubital tunnel by FCU)
  • cubital tunnel syndrome - motion of 4th and 5th finger = impaired
43
Q

Distraction injury

A

Nurse maid elbow
radial head out of annular lig
when elbow extended and pronated

44
Q

Distraction medially will cause

A

compression laterally - as in throwing

*cause avascular necrosis of capitulum (from being compressed)

45
Q

Golfers elbow

A

Medial epicondylitis or tendinopathy

46
Q

Tennis elbow

A

laterl E.C

47
Q

If median nerve compressed at level of cubital fossa - will show results in ..

A

pronators, FCR, finger flexors, thenar muscles, lumbricals

Kines Test 2 (4 decks)

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