Elbow

Question 0

What type of joint is the elbow

Answer 0

modified hinge

1 degree of freedom

Question 1

Elbow complex consists of (joints)

Answer 1

humeroulnar, humeroradial and prox & distal radioulnar joints

Question 2

How many degrees of freedom in elbow?

Answer 2

1
flex/ext
slight axial rotation and side to side motion of ulna

Question 3

CLosed pack postition of elbow

Answer 3

extension

Question 4

Which part of the trochlea is longer?

Answer 4

MEdial - causes valgus Angulation - carrying angle

Question 5

Capitulum with the ___ Trochlea with the __

Answer 5

Radius / Ulna

Question 6

More force, the more contact between ..

Answer 6

trochlea and depths of trochlear notch

Question 7

T or F: single joint capsule for all 3 joints?

Answer 7

T

Question 8

Where is the joint capsule weak

Answer 8

anterior and posterior

*reinforced with medial and lateral collateral ligs

Question 9

Ligaments of Medial elbow

Answer 9

anterior *major in valgus force
posterior * limits extension
transverse * keep joint in approximation
*fuses with common flexor tendon and prevents against valgus stress at 20-120 degrees of flexion
*most damage occurs when shoulder ex rotated and elbow flexed

Question 10

Ligaments of lateral elbow

Answer 10

lateral (radial) collateral *merges with annular
lateral (ulnar) collateral
annular lig
*fused with common extensor tendon
*stabilizes against varus and supination forces
*secures ulna to humerus

Question 11

Muscles of anterior aspect of elbow

Answer 11

Brachialis, Biceps, Brachioradialis (function at elbow)
Supinator (ant and posterior) & pronator teres (radioulnar joint)
FCR, FCU, FDS, PL (medial epicondyle – wrist and fingers)

Question 12

Muscles of posterior elbow

Answer 12

Triceps, anconeous, supinator (act at elbow - extension)

ECRL,ECRB,ED,EDM,ECU (Lateral epicondyle - wrist and fingers)

Question 13

Muscle most involved in lateral epicondylitis

Answer 13

ECRB

Question 14

Carrying angle

Answer 14

cubitus valgus 
normal: 10-15 degrees
F>M
after 30 degrees, goes away
dominant arm = slightly larger

Question 15

The amount of range of motion at the elbow depends on

Answer 15

• type of motion (active = 135 or passive = 150)
• postiion of forearm (supination or pronation) - less flexion in pronation and neutral rotation
• BMI
• Position of shoulder
• Swelling

Question 16

When shoulder is flexed & elbow extended …

Answer 16

will be hard to flex because of AI from bicep and PI from tricep

Question 17

Closed pack position of elbow

Answer 17

extension

Question 18

Brachialis

Answer 18

• one joint muscle
• Large PCSA
• MA greatest at 100
• unaffected by position of forearm
• active during all types of contraction
• MOBILITY MUSCLE

Question 19

Biceps Brachii

Answer 19

• 2 joint muscle
• long head = largest but small PCSA
• MA greatest between 80-100
• Affected by shoulder and forearm position
• not active when pronated, but if weight increases it becomes active
• MOBILITY MUSCLE

Question 20

Brachioradialis

Answer 20

• COMPRESSION/STABILITY
• 1 joint muscle
• Small PCSA
• MA greatest at 100-120
• Affected by forearm position and types of contraction
• not active in slow concentric or essentric contracition

Question 21

Triceps

Answer 21

• Extensor
• 2 joint muscle
• small PCSA
• Max isometric t at 90
• not affected by forearm position but affected by shoulder position
• helps prevent flexion while bicep supinated
• essentrically working when doing a pushup (down)
• concentrically going up from a push up

Question 22

Where is the head of the ulna

Answer 22

distal

Question 23

Radial notch of ulna is (prox or distal)

Answer 23

prox

Question 24

T or F: movement at one radioulnar joint causes movement at the other

Answer 24

true

Question 25

Proximal radioulnar joint

Answer 25

- uniaxial pivot joint - annular lig - head of radius - quadrate lig (ulna --> radius; reinforce inferior joint capsule) - oblique cord - ulna -->radius - prevent separation

Question 26

Distal radioulnar joint

Answer 26

-Interosseus membrane - syndesmosis -dorsal and palmar (longer) radioulnar ligs _ When look from underneath, makes a V and connect to ulnar styloid process

Question 27

Force is transmitted from ..

Answer 27

hand --> radius --> ulna --> elbow --> humerus

Question 28

Muscles involved in gripping

Answer 28

``` FCU FCR ECU ECRB Brachioradialis ```

Question 29

Pronator muscles originate __ and insert __

Answer 29

on ulna insert on radius

Question 30

Supinator originates __ and inserts __

Answer 30

lateral epicondle of humerus --> posterior medial radius

Question 31

ROM of supination and pronation

Answer 31

70 each way -- total is about 150 | measure at 90 degress of elbow flexion (no shoulder motion)

Question 32

Pronation is limited by __

Answer 32

**bony approx dorsal RU lig MCL tension in bicep

Question 33

SUpination is limited by

Answer 33

passive tension of palmar RU lig and oblique cord

Question 34

When forced is increased during supination, which muscle helps out?

Answer 34

bicep

Question 35

in pronation, which muscle is always active?

Answer 35

pronator quadratus | pronator teres slight flexion of elbow - works more when extended

Question 36

pronation cause the __ to slide over the __

Answer 36

radius over the ulna

Question 37

ADLs (eat,drink, brush teeth, dress) requires ___ flexion and ___ pronation/supination

Answer 37

at least 30-130 flexion 50 pronation 50 supination

Question 38

Using the telephone requres

Answer 38

large arc flexion(93) and sup(40)/pro(20)

Question 39

radioulnar joint provides __ but sacrifices __ to the hand

Answer 39

mobility / stability

Question 40

Effects of age

Answer 40

- decreased muscle strength | - errors in judgement

Question 41

Compression injury to the elbow

Answer 41

- bony failure when landing on extended elbow and wrist - radial head on capitulum will fracture radial head/neck; accompanied by a tear in central band of IM - fracture of the coronoid process or olecranon - transmission to the humerus

Question 42

Forceful muscle contraction injury

Answer 42

- high compression (baseball) - nerve compression (ulnar nerve in cubital tunnel by FCU) - cubital tunnel syndrome - motion of 4th and 5th finger = impaired

Question 43

Distraction injury

Answer 43

Nurse maid elbow radial head out of annular lig when elbow extended and pronated

Question 44

Distraction medially will cause

Answer 44

compression laterally - as in throwing | *cause avascular necrosis of capitulum (from being compressed)

Question 45

Golfers elbow

Answer 45

Medial epicondylitis or tendinopathy

Question 46

Tennis elbow

Answer 46

laterl E.C

Question 47

If median nerve compressed at level of cubital fossa - will show results in ..

Answer 47

pronators, FCR, finger flexors, thenar muscles, lumbricals