Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology AT 531 > Hip > Flashcards

Hip Flashcards

1
Q

Coxa Vara

A

Angle is ~90 degrees–normal 125

places excessive stress through femoral epiphysis, shortens leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Coxa Valga

A

> 125

places excessive stress through femoral head, increases leg length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Femoral Anteversion

A

Neck/Shaft angle in transverse plane
Normal is 12-15*
Greater than 15* is anterverted

Causes: in-toeing, excessive hip IR
X-ray and/or Craigs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Femoral Retroversion

A

<15 degrees of anteversion=retroverted

Causes: out-toeing, excessive hip ER
X-ray and/or Craigs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Legg-Calve Perthes Disease

A

Avascular necrosis of proximal femoral epiphysis
90% unilateral

S&S: pain hip, thigh, or knee
limping, loss of ABD, ext, and ER, thigh atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)

A

epiphysis gradually or suddenly slips downward and backward in relationship to the femoral neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

SCFE commonalities

A 
Most common in boys 10-16; girls 12-14
Boys> girls 1.5:1
African Americans > Caucasians
(L) hip > (R)
When onset < 10 years old endocrine disorder likely
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

SCFE Risk factors

A 
Obesity
Coxa Vara
mediacations
thyroid problems (hypo)
radiation treatment
chemotherapy
bone problems related to kidney disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

SCFE S&S

A 
painful limp
groin or knee pain
comfort by holding hip in slight flexion
cannot actively IR hip
difficulty standing in single limb support
Passive flexion hip=moves into ER
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Femoral Acetabular Impingement

A

femur and acetabulum repeatedly come into abdormal contact in certain positions. Leads to bony issues-spurring and damage to labrum and cartilage surface over time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

3 types of FAI

A

1) Cam
2) Pincer
3) Mixed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Precursor to FAI

A 
Acetabular retroversion
Previous Hz of:
femoral neck fx
SCFE
Legg-Calve Perhes Disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

FAI profile

A

B/W ages 25-60

Many FAIs occur in athletes, especially if sport demands hip to work an end ROM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

FAI presentation

A

Dull, aching pain= C-sign
(+) FADIR
Limited hip IR ROM at 90* flexion in supine

will lead to labrum tear then to OA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Five causes of hip labral tear

A
  1. Trauma-sublux/dislocation
  2. FAI-hypomobility
  3. capsular laxity/hip hypermobile
  4. Congential
  5. Degeneration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Diagnosis of Hip Labral Tear

A

Groin pain=C-sign
Limited painful IR and ABD
(+) FADIR, FABER, Hip Scour
MRI

17
Q

Labral tear treatment

A

Rehab first (10-12wks)—>surgery

18
Q

4 goals of rehab for labral tear

A
  • optimize hip alignment
  • work on stabilizing a hypermobile hip
  • work on jt mobes and soft tissue stretch on hypomobile hip
  • limit activities
19
Q

Labral surgery

A

piece of labrum is removed or repaired—whichever allows for preservation of more healthy tissue: closer to edges is best

20
Q

Hip Pointer

A

Contusion to iliac crest

S&S: local pain, swelling, ecchymosis, pain with trunk and hip motion, laughing coughing breathing

Inactive 2-3 days–>MHP, US, TENS, gradual return to ROM exercises….3 weeks recovery

21
Q

Strains-Hamstring, Adductors, Quads

A

from excessive forcible contraction or stretch

S&S: pain with active contrax, resistance and passive stretch. Weakness ecchymosis, sweeling

Adductors=common when activity requires quick position change or quicl propulsion and acceleration.

22
Q

Avulsion Fx-hamstring

A

can rule out from palpating ischial tuberosity

Avulsion fracture would hate sitting, MMT would be very weak

23
Q

Hip Sprains

A

Uncommon due to stability

S&S: acute pain inability to circumduct thigh
Rx: grade 2,3 crutch walking as needed gradual PRE progression when pain free

24
Q

Accessory motion tests

A

AP glide-flexion/IR
PA glide-extension/ER
Inferior glide-ABD
Lateral dislocation-pull away no specific direction

25
Q

Posterior Hip Dislocation

A

Most common posteriorly

MOI: landing on a flexed knee while hip is flexed, adducted, and IR (FADIR)

26
Q

Anterior hip dislocation

A

Forced hip flexion, ABD, and ER (FABER)

27
Q

S&S of Post. dislocation

A 
Severe hip and thigh pain
referred pain in knee
hip positioned in flexion, adduction, IR
not able to walk
possible neurovascular complaints
28
Q

Medical tests

A

X-ray: bone
CT Scan: soft tissue damage
MRI: post surgery out 2-3 months to screen AVN

29
Q

Hip dislocation complications

A

AVN
Acetabular labral tear
Hip OA (most common)

30
Q

Avulsion Fx and Apophysitis

A

Apophysitis-inflammation of the apophysis from overuse—>can lead to avulsion fx

S&S: loss of strength, loss of hip motion, point tender

31
Q

Hip stress fx

A

seen mostly in distance runners in femoral neck and pubic ramus

S&S: groin pain, aching in thigh with activity hard to stand on 1 leg

X-ray will be normal for 6-10 wks, use Bone scan

Tx: rest, minimize weight bearing 2-5 months rehab

32
Q

Femoral fracture

A

Direct trauma or indirect

S&S: sudden severe pain, loss of fxn, direct and indirect tenderness

Complication AVN

33
Q

Trochanteric Bursitis

A

inflammation of bursa or glut med from overuse, muscle imbalance, LLD, SLE, RA

S&S: lateral hip pain may refer distally, point tender

Tests: asymmetrical leg length, weak glut med, tight TFL

Rx: RICE acutely

34
Q

Iliopectineal bursitis

A

excessive compression during hip flexion

S&S: deep anterior hip pain, pain with deep palpation, pain with resisted hip flexion

35
Q

Snapping Hip Syndrome Anterior

A

iliopectinal bursitis and/or labral tears

36
Q

Snapping Hip Syndrome Lateral

A

Proximal ITB friction with or without pain associated iwth it—greater troch suspected if its with pain

37
Q

THR precautions post-op

A

Avoid:
Flexion > 90
Hip Add
Hip Ext with IR

Most common surgical complications=infection or DVT

38
Q

Sports Hernia

A

imbalance in muscle strength hip adductors and RA and Obliques at insertion pubic ramus

S&S: groin and testicular pain, pain with running and cutting

can R/O with inguinal palpation

39
Q

Dynamic tests for Sports Hernia

A

Resisted oblique MMT
Resisted Adductor tests
Kicking with flexion/adduction

MRI

Pathology AT 531 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions