Hinges

Question 0

Polycentric hinges

Answer 0

Short trans radial, reduce the tendency for bunching by providing rupee room for the cubital area as the elbow flexes. Therefore allowing for ROM

Question 1

Rigid hinges

Answer 1

At or above mid forearm, does not restrict voluntary supination and pronation, protect the residual limb against torque load.

Question 2

Step up hinges

Answer 2

Amputation immediately distal to elbow joint, when ROM is restricted to 90 or less. Step up hinges allow for 2;1 ratio of flexion

Question 3

Outside locking hinges

Answer 3

Elbow disarticulation and trans condylar levels provide 7 different locking positions, heavy duty provide 5 locking positions.

Question 4

Inside locking elbow unit

Answer 4

Humerus needs to be cut at-least 5cm for enough room for elbow unit, 11 locking positions, and heavy duty has 8 locking positions. Allows for prepositioning of forearm, due to loss of ext and internal rotators

Question 5

Friction unit

Answer 5

Very lightweight, passive positioning typically used in congenital, peds and congenital anomalies

Question 6

Pin locking system pros and cons

Answer 6

Pros more limb movement is transfered compared so waist belts.
Cons not good for long residual limbs, hygiene is a factor.

Question 7

Skin suctions

Answer 7

Pro best proprioception, applied directly to skin, limb movement transferred with minimal loss of motion
Cons volume fluctuation loss of suction when sitting, lack of medium for absorbing perspiration.

Question 8

Soft belts

Answer 8

Pro comfortable, good suspension and rotational control

Cons heat retention and limited durability.

Question 9

Hip joint pelvic band?

Answer 9

Pro weak hip abductors, rotational control and. M/L stability
Cons heavy then most, bulky, only used when M/L stability cannot be achieved any other way.

Question 10

How to correct lateral whip

Answer 10

Correct posterior medial wall angle that is too great
Re don prosthesis
Externally rotate knee bolt.

Question 11

Excessive knee flexion occurring at heel strike

Answer 11

Insufficient flexion
Unstable alignment
Stiff plantar flexion bumper/ firm SACH heel cushion.

Question 12

What would cause TF to break suction when he sits?

Answer 12

Anterior brim too high
Loose socket tension
A/p too large.

Question 13

Trendelenburg gait prosthetic causes.

Answer 13

Outset foot
Prosthesis too short
No skeletal lock
Loose M/L.

Question 14

Trendelenburg gait amputee cause.

Answer 14

Short limb
Weak hip abductors
Distal lateral stump pain.

Question 15

Prosthetic causes for rapid knee flexion?

Answer 15

Socket too far anterior
Heel too long
Patient wearing shoes with different heel height
Stiff heel action.

Question 16

Socket too far anterior
Heel too long
Patient wearing shoes with different heel height
Stiff heel action?

Answer 16

Posterior brim too high
Incorrect length
No enough hamstring relief.

Question 17

What causes anterior distal tib pressure?

Answer 17

Excessive socket flexion 
Excessive knee extension 
A/P too big 
Post brim too low 
Not enough relief 
Heel lever too long.

Question 18

List two causes of distal limb edema and discoloration?

Answer 18

Short socket

Lack to. Total contact.

Question 19

Axilla loop on TR and TH harness?

Answer 19

Used for anchor of socket to body, and suspension, runs through sound side axilla.

Question 20

Lateral strap?

Answer 20

In trans humeral prosthesis, primary suspension of a TH harness. Attaches anterior to acromion process, if trim line need, can be a Y strap end and attach to either Side of shoulder.

Question 21

Anterior control strap trans humeral?

Answer 21

Runs through deltoid pec groove, and runs to the distal end of these socket, anterior slightly above mechanical elbow. The distal 2/3 is Dacron webbing, suspension and rotational control.

Question 22

Northwestern ring?

Answer 22

Inferior C7 slightly towards sound side, better excursion so cable can run low across scapula and get better excursion.

Question 23

Cable control strap?

Answer 23

Connects to hanger and operative terminal device.

Question 24

Cross back strap?

Answer 24

Used in trans humerus and bilateral harnessing, makes a very snug harness more comfortable. Also prevents the harness from riding.

Question 25

Figure 9 harness?

Answer 25

No anterior control strap.

Question 26

Single axis feet

Answer 26

No used for bk can lead to ligament damage. Used for ak with knee stability, at heel strike rapidly goes to foot flat causing GRF Togo anterior to knee center.

Question 27

SACH

Answer 27

Remains lightest simplest and lowest cost options.

Question 28

Multi-axial feet?

Answer 28

Offers limited motion of eversion inversion flexion and extension, indications for uneven terrain. Socket comfort but absorbing some impact of walking.

Question 29

Flexible keel foot?

Answer 29

Very flexible forefoot, accommodate irregularities by bending into pronation and supination, not for very active ppl, taken longer for flexible keel to stiffen for aid in propulsion.

Question 30

Dynamic feet?

Answer 30

Stores energy in spring like keel and deflects under load releases latein stance phase.

Question 31

Single axis?

Answer 31

No inherent stability, has to be controlled by amputee to prevent collapse, forced to walk at Constant speed, often used in pediatrics.

Question 32

Stance control?

Answer 32

Weight activated break friction knee, best for individuals walking only at slow pace. Not good for bilateral amputee to be used on both sides.

Question 33

Polycentric knees?

Answer 33

Knee center to posterior and superior to anatomical knee joint makes it very stable, good for bilateral amputee, the provide stability without preventing knee flexion under partial bearing.

Question 34

Manual locking knee?

Answer 34

Knee locked in full extensions throughout the whole gait cycle. Therefore prosthetic swing is too long, locked knee should be made 1cm shorter, last resort.

Question 35

Fluid controlled knees?

Answer 35

May not provide stability for very vigorous activities since gas is compressible.