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World Religions > Hinduism > Flashcards

Hinduism Flashcards

1
Q

About when did Hinduism begin?

A

About 3000-2500 B.C.E

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2
Q

Which three religions have their roots in Hinduism?

A

Jainism, Buddhism, and Sikhism

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3
Q

Which country has the largest amount of Hindus?

A

India

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4
Q

What is Hindu?

A

Religion of the people of India

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5
Q

What are the Aryan?

A

In Sanskrit, “the noble ones”, these are applied to migrants who moved into the Indus Valley from Persia in 2000 B.C.E

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6
Q

What are the Vedas?

A

The oldest and sacred books in Hinduism

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7
Q

What are the Vaishayas?

A

Commoners and merchants, part of the Indian caste system

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8
Q

Where did the Indian Hindus spread Hinduism?

A

Europe, Africa, the Caribbean, and North America

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9
Q

Where did Pre-Aryans develop their civilization?

A

In the Indus River Valley

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10
Q

What does Iran mean?

A

“Land of the Aryans”

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11
Q

How long did Mahatma Gandhi live?

A

From 1869-1948; about 79 years

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12
Q

Who is Indra?

A

God of the thunderbolt, clouds and rain, and ruler of heaven

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13
Q

Who is Agni?

A

God of fire

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14
Q

Who is Vrtra?

A

God of chaos

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15
Q

Who is Yama?

A

God of the dead

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16
Q

Who is Varuna?

A

presides over order in the universe and offers forgiveness to these who have sinned

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17
Q

What is Brahman?

A

Only one reality

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18
Q

What is Maya?

A

False knowledge, ignorance of true reality

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19
Q

What is the purpose of this religion?

A

To reveal his/her divine nature

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20
Q

What is Kharma?

A

To do or to act
Ex:
Positive results from positive past
Negative results from negative past

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21
Q

What is Samsara?

A

To wander across

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22
Q

What is Dharma?

A

One’s duty

23
Q

What is Moksha?

A

Breaking free from the cycle of reincarnation

24
Q

What are the 10 characteristics of a Hindu?

A

1: Pleasantness
2: Petence
3: Control of Mind
4: Non-stealing
5: Purity
6: Control of one’s senses
7: Intelligence
8: Knowledge
9: Truthfulness
10: Non-Irritability

25
Q

What is the greatest sin a Hindu can commit?

A

Killing a cow

26
Q

Who do Hindus believe created the world?

A

Brahmin by self-birth

27
Q

What is Brahman?

A

Also known as Trimurti, it is
Creation
Destruction
Preservation

28
Q

Who is Brahma?

A

Creator
Sarasvati is his wife
Shown as red with four faces and arms

29
Q

Who is Vishnu?

A

Preserver (10 avatars)
Lakshmi is his wife
Hare Krishna is one of the Avatars
Love, benevolence, and forgiveness

30
Q

Who is Shiva?

A

Destroyer
Paravati is one of his wives
Death, destruction, disease, and dance

31
Q

Who are the Devi?

A

Goddesses of Hinduism

32
Q

What are the women roles of Hindu society?

A

Under control of the father, husband or sons
Not encouraged to be independent
No desire for separation from father, husband and children
Main expectation is to produce children

33
Q

What does Yoga mean?

A

To yoke or to join

34
Q

What is the Yoga system?

A

One should attempt to join the individual spirit to god, the atman, to Brahman
Main feature is meditation
Focusing on breathing

35
Q

How many types of Yoga are there?

A

6 types

36
Q

What types of Yoga are there?

A

Hatha Yoga- physical
Raja Yoga (pg. 98)- mental and spiritual (achieve trance and the superconscious level)
Mimansa Yoga- obeying laws and rites
Vaisheshika Yoga- 9 distinct elements
Nyaya Yoga- arriving a truth by logical analysis
Vedanta Yoga- reality of Brahman is all

37
Q

Many practicing Hindus consider Hinduism to be what type of religion?

A

Monotheistic

38
Q

People who analyze Hinduism for educational purposes Hinduism to be what type of religion?

A

Polytheistic

39
Q

How many people participate in Jainism?

A

About 2 million

39
Q

What are the Varnas?

A 
The four basic classes of people: 
Brahmins or priests
Kshatriyas chieftans and warriors
Vaishyas commoners and merchants
Shudras slaves or servants
39
Q

Which is older, Vedic or Sanskrit?

A

Vedic

39
Q

What are the 4 basic Vedas?

A

Rig-Veda: knowledge or sacred love
Sama-Veda: knowledge of chants
Yajur-Veda: knowledge of rites, how you practice religion
Atharva-Veda: knowledge given by Athabaskan

39
Q

What are the four parts per Veda?

A

Hymns (Mantras) to the gods
Ritual materials (Brahmans)
Forest treatises (Aranykas)
Upanishads (Philosophical material)

40
Q

What is the “untouchable” group called?

A

Dalit

41
Q

Which men are born twice?

A

Men in the top three castes

42
Q

What is the process the men in the top three castes have to go through to achieve a second birth?

A

Student
Householder and marry within the caste
Retreat to the forest and live as a hermit, meditating and offering
Wandering beggars (Sannyasi)

43
Q

The group who invaded India through the Indus River Valley from 1750-1200 B.C.E. were the?

A

Aryans

44
Q

What are the Upanishads?

A

Philosophical material

45
Q

In Hindu belief, the ultimate goal or reward is called ________ or release from life.

A

Moksha

46
Q

The belief that one’s status in life is determined by actions in a past life is also referred to as what?

A

Kharma

47
Q

Samsara also means what?

A

Reincarnation

52
Q

The holiest river in India is the what?

A

Ganges River

53
Q

Law of Manu

A

Specific to the duties of the 4 Varnas

54
Q

Ascetic

A

A person that denies everything; lives off of what people give them; they are a hermit

World Religions (8 decks)

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