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World Religions > Hinduism > Flashcards

Hinduism Flashcards

1
Q

Western Religions

A

Western: Emphasis on INDIVIDUAL, Continuation of life as ideal, resurrection, historicity, singleness of God, Uniqueness of path leading to salvation

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2
Q

Eastern Religions

A 
COMMUNAL Identity
Extinction of individual life as ideal
REINCARNATION
Little focus on HISTORICITY
Divine manifestations embodied in DIFFERENT beings
VARIOUS saving paths
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3
Q

How do they view time?

A

Eastern as one big circle, while Western as a line

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4
Q

Hindu belief in divine being expressed?

A

Can be expressed in many different ways - like religions have different responsibilities. Almost complementary!

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5
Q

Define Hinduism

A

Not a single founder or creed

A set of religious beliefs sharing a common core!

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6
Q

Is Hinduism a Western or Eastern Term?

A

Western

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7
Q

How large and how old of a world religion?

A

Third largest, oldest

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8
Q

Earliest roots were seen in?

A

Agriculturist Dravidians (2000 BCE) with the pastoralist INDOARYANS( in the Indus Valley

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9
Q

Earliest roots were seen in?

A

Agriculturist Dravidians (2000 BCE) with the pastoralist INDOARYANS (1800-1500 BCE) in the Indus Valley

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10
Q

Ancient religion of?

A

Nature worship and fertility goddesses!

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11
Q

The different historical periods?

A

The Vedic Period
The Upanishad Period (6th Century BCE)
The Bhakti Period (since 6th Century BCE)

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12
Q

The Vedic Period

A

AKA The Way of Works

  • Four Vedas: hymns, magic spells, epic stories
  • Devas: gods of earth, air, heaven,
  • Preeminance of priests (Brahmins)
  • Sacrifices on fire alters with proper formulas
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13
Q

The Unpanishad Period

A

AKA The Way of Knowledge
-Challenge to the priestly religion of ritual
-Interiorization: asceticism and meditation
-Philosophical questions: Universal Monism
-Tolerance for different forms of religious devotion

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14
Q

The Bhakti Period

A

AKA The Way of Devotion

  • Loving and grateful devotion to one deity
  • Open to everyone, regardless of class
  • Temples and domestic shrines
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15
Q

What happened in the 19th century?

A

Revival of Hinduism!

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16
Q

YOGA

A

The different ways Hinduism is manifested!

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17
Q

Raja Yoga

A

Meditation and concentration

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18
Q

Juana Yoga

A

Spiritual/Intellectual, the path of rational inquiry

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19
Q

Karma Yoga

A

Active, the path of right action/service

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20
Q

Bhakti Yoga

A

emotional, the path of devotion

21
Q

Shruti

A

Revealed: Vedas, Brahmanas (commentaries), Upanishads: philosophical writings before Christ

22
Q

Smriti

A

The open/human side of the canon

  • Beloved by all the people
  • Epics: Major stories.
  • Hundreds of other stories, etc.
23
Q

Epics:

A

Mahabharata: (Bhagavad-Gita): Krishna
Ramayana: Rama

24
Q

Brahman

A

The impersonal source of all objective reality, a universal force of all that is

25
Q

Atman

A

The subjective manifestation of that reality in our inward world of reason, feeling, will and self-conciousness. (A spirit/soul of sort)
(Like a single drop of water in an ocean.)

26
Q

Maya

A

Illusion, failure to recognize that we are not individuals but only a small part of Brahman

27
Q

Karma

A

The external law that words, thoughts, and deeds fix our destiny through unavoidable consequences.

28
Q

The Caste System has been explained in both

A

Dharma and Karma

29
Q

Samsara

A

The cycle of reincarnation - up or down on the spectrum until MOKSHA (Salvation is achieved.)

30
Q

Three main “Liberated” Dieties

A
  • Brahma
  • Shiva
  • Vishnu
31
Q

Shakti

A

Feminine divine power - A female wife next to the male deity

32
Q

Devi

A

Goddess in all her forms and personifications

33
Q

Another part of Devi

A

Consort of Males Gods where female represents the active energetic force in the union.

34
Q

Shiva

A

God of life and death

  • Shakti: Parvati
  • Son: Ganesh (remover of obstacles)
35
Q

Shiva

A

God of life and death

  • Shakti: Parvati
  • Son: Ganesh (remover of obstacles)
36
Q

Vishnu

A

Loving God of preservation
Shakti: Lakshmi (beauty and generosity)
-Most popular deity
-Descends on earth as Krishna and Rama

37
Q

Student has:

A

Dharma

38
Q

Householder has:

A

Kama and Artha

39
Q

Retired has:

A

Moksha

40
Q

Ascetic has:

A

Moksha

41
Q

Dharma:

A

Righteousness

42
Q

Kama

A

Pleasure

43
Q

Artha

A

Success

44
Q

Moksha

A

Liberation

45
Q

The four castes

A

Brahmins - Priests and philosophers
Kshatriyas - Rulers
Vaishyas - The common people
Shudras - The servants

Dalits (Outcasts)

46
Q

Puja

A

In the home or mandira (temple) Centrality of murti (Hindu icons)

47
Q

Pilgrimages

A

The River Ganga - High spiritual leaders have had experiences here

48
Q

Festivals

A

Have an element of thanfulness and appreciation

-Holi-Colors, Diwali-Lights

49
Q

Henotheists

A

Worship of any one god, but usually the same one

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