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World Religions > Buddhism > Flashcards

Buddhism Flashcards

1
Q

How many members, how old?

A

half a billion, 4th

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2
Q

How is it different from Hinduism?

A

Smaller, and more global

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3
Q

Different kinds of Buddhism:

A

Theravada
Mahanayana
Vajrayana

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4
Q

What do Buddhists call their religion?

A

DHARMA

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5
Q

Compared to Jainism?

A

6th century - a little bit after Jainism

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6
Q

Different than Jainism

A

Buddhism was against the extreme “ascetic” ideal of the Jains instead presenting itself as the “middle way”

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7
Q

Life of the Enlightened One

A

-Siddarta Guatama

His father kept him safe because he didn’t want him to become religious

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8
Q

The 4 passing sights

A

Old Age
Sickness
Death
An ascetic monk

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9
Q

From distress to crisis

A

Bodh-gaya was Siddharta’s resolve

Opposition, insight, and higher form of conciousness

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10
Q

Nirvana and parinarvana

A

-

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11
Q

The four noble truths

A

Life is suffering
Craving causes suffering
Suffering can cease
Through the eightfold middle path

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12
Q

A physicians approach

A

problem (suffering), source (craving), fact that it can be extinguished, how to extinguish it.

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13
Q

Teachings of the Buddha

A
  • Salvation as self-effort and self-discipline
  • Practical rather than metaphysical concern (nature & causes of suffering, rather than the gods)
  • The chain of dependent operation (12-cause effect links)
  • Iimmpermenance of life
  • Rebirth without transmigration
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14
Q

Tripitaka (The three baskets)

A

Monastic rules
The teachings of Buddha
Doctrinal Supplement

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15
Q

Spread of Buddhism through?

A

Conversion of Emperor Ashoka (273-232)

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16
Q

Mayhayana

A

The great vehicle

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17
Q

Theological developments

A

Increased divinization of the Buddha
Multiplication of Buddha’s and Bodhisvattvas
Devotion literature based on the view that the B&B are sources of merit
The Lotus Sutra as a key Mahayana scripture

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18
Q

Sunyata

A

Increased focus on emptiness of things

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19
Q

With new developments what happened?

A

Buddhism reached greater missionary success

20
Q

Mahayana Beliefs

A

Buddhas: Those who have reached parivana after their human experience, like Siddharta can’t be reached through prayer, but devotion creates merit
-Those who achieved

21
Q

Mahayana Beliefs

A

Buddhas: Those who have reached parivana after their human experience, like Siddharta can’t be reached through prayer, but devotion creates merit

  • Those who achieved nirvana in heaven are contemplative buddhas or tathagatas. They postpone parinarvana to minister to our needs
  • At least 5 Tathagatas - one solar, and 4 cardinal directions
22
Q

Buddha of the West

A

Amida

23
Q

Amida presides over

A

Western paradise - where nirvana is guranteed

24
Q

Bodhisattvas

A

Human form - but postponed parinarvana for humanity

-Dwell in heaven, but can come to earth

25
Q

Maitreya

A

A future Buddha/Bodhisattva who will come when the Dharma will have been forgotten

26
Q

Who should take the vow to be a bodhisattva

A

Everyone

27
Q

Maitreya

A

one who is yet to come

28
Q

Budai

A

The laughing incarnated buddha

29
Q

Avalokita

A

divine compassion - mother goddess (China), Dalai Lama (Tibet)

30
Q

Jizo

A

Japan - protector of children

31
Q

Jizo

A

Japan - protector of children

32
Q

Mahayana Philosophies

A
  • Everything is empty of identiy or permanance
  • Everything is interrelated and in constant flux
  • Nothing is self-sufficient or independent
  • What is empty is not able to cause suffering
  • Nirvana is not something added to free samsara, it is simply samsara rightly viewed and understood
33
Q

Pure Land (Amidism):

A

emphasis on faith

34
Q

Jodo Shinshu

A

(true pure land) - predestination, World affirming, no asceticism, celibacy

35
Q

Zen

A

Emphasis on personal effort, zazen

36
Q

Parts of zen

A
  • wear down the intellect with impossible problems

- a gradual process of enlightenment

37
Q

Nichiren

A

Japanese with emphasis on sociopolitical activism and Lotis Sutra

38
Q

Soka Gakkai

A

Modern lay Buddhist Group of the nichiren school, humanistic activism, missionary oriented

39
Q

Vajrayana (Tibetan)

A

Esoteric tradition built on Trantras (magical and spell making manuals

40
Q

Belief about passing knowledge

A

Can only be transmitted directly from teacher to student

41
Q

Mantras

A

Om Mani Padme Hum

42
Q

Mandalas

A

Concentric Circles

43
Q

Mudrras

A

Hand signs

44
Q

Other Vajrayana Beliefs

A

Pujas and prayer wheels, reincarnation of head Lama

45
Q

Other Vajrayana Beliefs

A

Pujas and prayer wheels, reincarnation of head Lama

46
Q

Meditation

A

Is the Buddhist Practice

World Religions (7 decks)

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