Hindbrain Flashcards
Which surface of the brainstem has the cranial nerves, pons and medulla (raphe, ventrolateral medulla) visible?
Ventral
Hindbrain and midbrain make up the?
brainstem
The dorsal surface of the brainstem contains what 6 things?
- TRIGEMINAL system (processes sensory input from face)
- Parts of vestibular system
- Pyramidal dessucation
- GRACILE nucleus
- Inferior + superior colliculi
- Cerebellar peduncles
Are sensory nuclei in brainstem located more laterally or medically?
Laterally
What is the role of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus?
Parasympathetic input to eye —> pupil constriction
What input does the solitary nucleus receive?
SENSORY afferent input from FACIAL (VII), GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL (IX), and VAGUS (X).
(Taste! Facial and glosso)
Which brainstem nucleus receives motor info from cranial nerves IX and X?
Ambiguus
Glosso. and vagus - throat muscles
Axons of the salivatory nucleus are parasympathetic or sympathetic?
And go via which cranial nerves?
Parasympathetic
Facial and GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
Where do 90% of corticospinal fibres cross midline?
Pyramidal decussation
Caudal medulla
Which medullary pathology is caused by thrombosis of vertebral artery?
Wallenberg’s syndrome
What are the symptoms of Wallenberg’s syndrome?
1) contralateral pain/temp loss (spinothalamic)
2) ipsilatetal pain/temp loss in face (trigeminal)
3) vertigo/nystagmus (vestibular nuc)
4) ipsilatetal loss of taste (solitary nuc)
5) dysphagia (difficulty swallowing - amiguus)
Why is a brainstem glioma?
Tumour in brainstem
From where do reticular nuclei extend?
Medulla –> pons –> midbrain
Roles of reticular formation? (x3)
1) Ascending fibres control arousal - sleep, wakefulness, attention
2) Descending fibres form RETICULO-SPINAL tract - posture + postural reflexes
3) helps control HR + respiration
Pallidus, obscurus and Magnus are examples of what?
Where are they located?
Raphe nuclei
P + O - medulla
M - pons(caudal)
