Cerebral Cortex + imaging techniques

Question 0

How many layers does neocortex have?

Answer 0

6

Question 1

What techniques of imaging are functional?

Answer 1

PET and fMRI

Question 2

The hippocampus has ___ cortical layers?

Answer 2

4

Question 3

Which layers contain pyramidal cells?

Answer 3

III, V, IV

Question 4

Which layers project to other cortical areas?

Answer 4

II + III

Question 5

Which layer receives large thalamic input?

What type of cells does it have?

Answer 5

IV

Stellate

(Areas thy receive sensory info have wide layer 4)

Question 6

What are the cells of layer V?

What do these cells project to?

Answer 6

Large pyramidal

Subcortical structures

(Wide lamina 5 if area send out motor info)

Question 7

Layer VI projects to the___?

Answer 7

Thalamus

Question 8

What are Brodman area of somatosensory sensation?

Answer 8

3, 1, 2

Question 9

Visual Brodman areas?

Answer 9

17, 18

Question 10

Brodmans areas for audition?

Answer 10

41, 42

Question 11

Brodmans areas for speech production?

Answer 11

44, 45

Question 12

Are basket cells cells excitatory or inhibitory?

Answer 12

Inhibitory

Question 13

What are ablation studies?

Answer 13

Remove part of brain and observe behaviour

Question 14

What is the concept where bumps on skull reflect mental faculties and characteristics?

Answer 14

Phrenology

Question 15

What die an EEG measure?

Answer 15

Electrical activity of large group/ population of neurones

Question 16

What waves are seen in deep sleep and have a frequency of <4Hz?

Answer 16

DELTA

Large amplitude

Question 17

In what state are THETA waves seen and what frequency are they at?

Answer 17

Sleep

4-7Hz

Question 18

What waves are seen if an individual is awake and relaxed?

Answer 18

ALPHA

8-13Hz

Question 19

What waves are seen in mental activity?

What frequency?

Answer 19

BETA

13-30 Hz

High frequency, low amplitude

Question 20

What do non-functioning imaging detect?

Answer 20

Structural changes, tumours etc

Question 21

What type of imaging use strong magnetic fields and radio waves?

Answer 21

MRI

Question 22

MRI images are produced based on the ____ content of tissues?

Answer 22

Hydrogen (water)

Question 23

What do PET and fMRI scans detect?

Answer 23

Changes in brain metabolism and blood flow;

• active cells use more O2 and glucose —> increased blood flow
• radioactive dye

Question 24

The association cortex makes up ___% of the cortex?

Answer 24

75%

Question 25

What is the main input to the association cortex?

Answer 25

Cortico-cortical connections

Question 26

Role of association cortex?

Answer 26

Cognition

Integrates info

Question 27

The PARIETAL association cortex is responsible for?

Answer 27

ATTENTION

Question 28

The FRONTAL association cortex is responsible for?

Answer 28

Planning

Question 29

The TEMPORAL association cortex is responsible for?

Answer 29

Recognition

Question 30

What is the condition where the individual cannot attend to stimuli on one side of the body (opposite side to lesion)?

Answer 30

Contralateral neglect sydrome

Damage to parietal association cortex

Question 31

What condition arises from damage to temporal association cortex and results in inability to recognise faces?

Answer 31

Prosopagnosia

Question 32

Speech areas are found in which hemisphere?

Answer 32

Left

Lateralisation

Question 33

What is aphasia?

Answer 33

Damage to speech areas- inability to produce or understand language

Question 34

Which association cortex is Broca’s area in?

Answer 34

Frontal

Question 35

What association cortex is Wenicke’s area in?

Answer 35

Temporal

Question 36

What is Broca’s aphasia?

Answer 36

Inability to produce language efficiently

Halting, disordered and repetitive speech

Question 37

What is Wernicke’s aphasia?

Answer 37

Fluent speech but makes little sense

Inappropriate words

Question 38

Do speech areas overlap and are they strongly localised in early or late bilingualism?

Answer 38

Early