Higher Mental Functions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is cytoarchitectonics?

A

The science behind whether the cortex could be separated into different areas on the basis of different cell patterns

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2
Q

What does brain area 4 contain?

A

Primary motor cortex

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3
Q

What do brain areas 1,2 and 3 contain?

A

Primary somatosensory cortex

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4
Q

What does brain area 17 contain?

A

Primary visual cortex

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5
Q

What do brain areas 41 and 42 contain?

A

Auditory cortex

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6
Q

What do brain areas 44 and 45 contain?

A

Broca’s area

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7
Q

What does brain area 39 contain?

A

Wernicke’s area

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8
Q

What is the two-part model of visual perception?

A

‘What’ and ‘where’ aspects of object recognition

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9
Q

Outline the grandmother cell (hierarchical) hypothesis

A

Most cells in visual cortex respond best to bars/edges of light in a particular orientation onto the retina (have a simple receptive field) –> afferents with circular receprtive field converge onto a cortical cell to form a bar-shaped receptive field –> cortical cell converges onto another cortical cell to give bar-shaped receptive field anywhere within a large area of retina

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10
Q

What is the principle of the grandmother cell hypothesis?

A

Grandmother is recognised because a particular set of gnostic cells are active and project onto one cell or small cell group in the inferotemporal cortex

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11
Q

Describe the ‘feature detection theory’

A

Primary visual cortex cells recognise edges and corners of object –> activated –> feed this information into a gnostic cell which responds to basic outline shape –> groups of cells in other parts of visual association cortex recognise colour, size, movement etc –> inputs onto cells of inferotemporal cortex –> object recognition

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12
Q

What is the ‘where’ pathway in object recognition?

A

Facilitated by the posterior parietal association area and involved selecting what is object and what is background in visual image

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13
Q

What is optic apraxia?

A

Inaccuracy in reaching for objects

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14
Q

Where is the ‘what’ pathway in object recognition?

A

In the inferotemporal association cortex

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15
Q

What is the function of the orbitofrontal association area?

A

Equates to psychodynamic superego

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