higher history prelim Flashcards
Changing Attitudes - knowledge 1
1850
From 1850 there was a gradual increase in the number of women entering professions.
Changing Attitudes - knowledge 1
1900 - area of employment
In 1900 there were 70,000 trained nurses and 100 doctors.
Changing Attitudes - knowledge 1
1900 - employment
By 1900 5 million women earned a wage and made roughly a third of the british workforce.
Changing Attitudes - knowledge 2
1870 and 1882
In 1870 and 1882 women were allowed to keep their own money and property after marriage.
Changing Attitudes - knowledge 2
1857
In 1857 divorce was made possible for women through the courts.
Changing Attitudes - knowledge 2
divorce
Women still had to prove cruelty or desertion as well as adultery. (men only had to prove adultery)
Changing Attitudes - new knowledge
working class women were still being exploited.
Changing Attitudes - evaluation
not the most important as equality was still not fully being achieved.
Changing Attitudes - link sentence
during the 19th century the attitudes towards women were changing and were letting women develop into new working and legal areas.
What type of jobs did women get in Scotland ?
Gretna - munitions work, police service
Clydeside - shipyard workers
Angus - land army
Glasgow - railway engineers
NUWSS - knowledge 1
tactics
- petitions
- lobbying
- meetings
- peaceful protests
- letters
- propaganda
Who was the leader of the NUWSS
Millicent Fawcett
NUWSS - knowledge 1
membership
Over 50,000 mainly middle class older women.
NUWSS - link sentence
The NUWSS campaign started in 1897 by Millicent Fawcett and her two daughters was to gain votes through peaceful methods of protest.
NUWSS - knowledge 2
Henry Fawcett
Henry Fawcett was Millicent Fawcett’s husband who was a liberal MP.
NUWSS - new knowledge
The motto of the suffragists was ‘like a glacier slow moving but unstoppable’
NUWSS - evaluation
The most important as it made a lot of progress for the cause.
What to write for the compare question ?
overall sources agree/disagree about . . .
In detail the first point of agreement/disagreement is about (in your own words) . . .
my evidence for this is that the first source states “quote” while the other states “quote”
repeat four times
Structure of a factor from the essay question
link sentence knowledge 1 analysis knowledge 2 analysis + evaluation new knowledge/historian sample (to back your point up)
Structure of introduction from the essay question
two sentences addressing the background of the topic
one sentence addressing the named factor
one sentence addressing the other factors
line of argument (do you agree or disagree that the named factor was the most important)
Impact of WW1 - knowledge 1
women contribution from back home and the temporary shut down on protests for women’s suffrage during the war.
Impact of WW1 - knowledge 2
The women that were given the vote were women over 30 that met property standards
Impact of WW1 - link sentence
Women played a big part on the homefront during the great war which helped prove their ability for the right to vote
Impact of WW1 - new knowledge
When men started to return home they got their jobs back and women were sent back to their previous roles.
Disadvantages of the impact of WW1 on scottish women
- Women were quickly replaced by returning soldiers.
- The largest sector of employment for women after the war was still the domestic service
- When women first got the vote it was women over the age of 30, meaning the majority that contributed to the war effort did not receive the right to vote.
What is dilution ?
When skilled jobs are broken down into smaller jobs.
What is an example of dilution ?
1 job pays a man £10 would become 3 jobs for three women paying £3 each.
Advantages of the impact of WW1 on scottish women
- More political awareness amongst female working class women on clydeside.
- New opportunities in law and professions for middle class women.
- Reputation of women in medicine much enhanced.
- by 1919 3,000 women had trained as doctors.
Who was Mairi Chisholm and what did she do ?
she was an 18 year old who travelled by motorbike from Scotland to london.
she went to belgium to be a volunteer nurse and worked on the front line as one for 18 months.
WSPU - knowledge 1
1908
In 1908 the WSPU was able to attract 250,000 people to a meeting in hyde park.
WSPU - knowledge 1
the motto
‘deeds not words’
WSPU - knowledge 1
1910
from 1910 onwards the militant group up the ante on its violent tactics inspired by it’s motto.
Who was the leader of the WSPU ?
Emmeline Pankhurst
WSPU - analysis for knowledge 1
why was it important to get media attention at this time ?
The liberal government was preoccupied with issues such as ;
- Social reforms
- The naval race
- Irish home rule
- Industrial unrest.
WSPU - knowledge 2
what got public sympathy ?
hunger strikes especially when upper class women where on the receiving end such as Constance Lytton.
WSPU - knowledge 2
when was the suffragettes ‘wild period’ ?
1913 - 1914
WSPU - knowledge 2
members
The wild period led to loss of members as they felt tactics were becoming to extreme.
WSPU - evaluation
Not the most important as they did more harm than good for the cause.
Impact of WW1 - evaluation
Not the most important as the new growth for women in society was only temporary.
WSPU - new knowledge
“they have set their cause backwards” - churchill
Lack of political influence - knowledge 1
when where black men given the right to vote ?
In 1870
Lack of political influence - knowledge 1
What are some restrictions that made it hard for black men to vote ?
- Poll tax
- Literacy tests
- intelligence tests
- The grandfather clause
Lack of political influence - knowledge 2
juries
With black men being excluded from the vote they were unable to serve on juries further excluding them from the legal system.
Lack of political influence - knowledge 2
all white juries
People kept commiting crimes against black people as they would always be let off by the white juries.
Lack of political influence - evaluation
It was the main obstacle as it meant there was no way for black people to better their situation.
Lack of political control - new knowledge
“solid south” this was when the numbers of white democrats would come together to overpower anyone that tried to challenge white power or control.
Legal impediments and segregation - knowledge 1
Jim Crow laws
Jim Crow laws were laws which segregated white and black people, but were said to be separate but equal. These were in no way equal. Public facilities were separate such as;
- Toilets
- Vending machines
- Benches
- Water fountains
Legal impediments and segregation - knowledge 2
north and south
The legal segregation only happened in the south not in the north.
What was segregation called in the South ?
de jure segregation
What was segregation called in the North ?
de facto segregation
Legal impediments and segregation - evaluation
Not the most important as it was not as much of a widespread as the lack political influence black people had, it was limited to the south.
Legal impediments and segregation - new knowledge
In the north segregation was called de facto segregation as it was not by law it was in society.
Popular prejudice - knowledge 1
living where ? conditions ?
when black people moved to the north they moved to industrial cities. They were confined to black only ghettos that were heavily populated with people and poverty.
Popular prejudice - knowledge 1
riots
In the north there were many anti black riots over jobs, these led to the killing, injuring and evicting of black people.
Popular prejudice - knowledge 2
ghettos
- Sense of community
- Safety
- Blacks only
- Black people held the power (whites where unlikely to ever go to these places out of fear)
Popular prejudice - evaluation
Not the main obstacle as black people were able to find some positives in there situation in the north.
Popular prejudice - new knowledge
“We only get a dollar a day for our work but the hours are not too long and it’s nice to get home in safety”, this was a letter from a black american girl called minnie who moved to chicago in the north from the south writing to her sisters in the south.
The Ku Klux Klan - knowledge 1
membership
by early 1920s there were approx. 85,000 members
The Ku Klux Klan - knowledge 1
leaders opinion on the membership
The leaders said the membership was at around 4 to 5 million by 1925 this would have been roughly 15% of the USA population at the time.
The Ku Klux Klan - knowledge 1
political prevention of blacks
a black person would go to register to vote, he would be sent away and given a date to come back. The date to come back would have Klan members guarding the door, this was a method of intimidation.
The Ku Klux Klan - knowledge 2
after the 1920s
Although the klan had an increase in support during the 1920s after the ‘roaring twenties’ the membership began to decrease.
The Ku Klux Klan - knowledge 2
1929
In 1929 membership fell to less than 30,000
The Ku Klux Klan - evaluation
Not the main obstacle as it was for a limited amount of time.
The Ku Klux Klan - - new knowledge
The The Ku Klux Klan was also limited to the southern Jim Crow states such as Tennesse, Georgia and Alabama.
Many small shipyards went bankrupt in the ?
1890s
When did scottish agriculture go into decline and why ?
from the 1880s as people moved away from the rural areas for the towns.
before the war what happened to the money from the jute industry in Dundee ?
little of it got reinvested into the dundee branch most of it went to north america.
what was Dundee known as before the great war and why ?
‘juteopolis’ because it relied so much on this one industry.
what was a big industry before the war and how many men were employed ?
Fishing with over 32,500 men employed
what time was known as the ‘glory days’ of the fishing industry
The years around 1900
how did clydeside get orders worth over £16 million ?
as a result of the wartime boom clydeside experienced a huge expansion with three of its leading yards winning these orders.
how many warships were built on the clyde between 1914 and 1918 ?
481
which two Scottish towns benefited from shipbuilding work ?
Aberdeen and Dundee
why did demand for jute increase ?
as the war and trench warfare continued more sandbags were needed.
what were the percentages of the female and male workers in the dundee jute industry ?
25% male and 67% female
what bit of the fishing industry was completely done during the war and what stayed stable ?
The white fish industry was decimated and only the herring industry stayed stable.
What happened to clydeside shipyards after war ?
They were too big, expensive and inefficient to compete with shipbuilders in other countries.
Did the fishing industry recover ?
The fishing business did recover after 1918, however many fishing boats were in need of expensive repairs.
What happened in the clydeside after the war ?
International trade slumped and and the unemployment in the Clydeside went up.
