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BE Correlates: Gastroenterology > High-Yield Physiology Concepts > Flashcards

High-Yield Physiology Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

Gastrin

A

Secreted by G cells (antrum), stimulates parietal cells in fundus

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2
Q

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

A

Secreted by I cells (duodenum), contracts gallbladder & prolongs gastric emptying time

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3
Q

Secretin

A

Secreted by S cells (duodenum), inhibits acid secretion

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4
Q

Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Peptide (GIP)

A

Secreted by K cells (duodenum), stimulates insulin secretion

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5
Q

Gastrin, Histamine, Acetylcholine

A

Stimulate gastric acid secretion (synergistic effects)

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6
Q

Motilin

A

Stimulates motility during fasting

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7
Q

Mucus Neck Cells

A

Secretes mucus in the stomach

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8
Q

Parietal Cells

A

Secretes HCI and Intrinsic Factor (IF) in the stomach (HCL = parietaL)

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9
Q

Chief Cells

A

Secretes pepsinogen in the stomach

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10
Q

Enterochromaffin Cells

A

Secretes serotonin in the stomach

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11
Q

Enterochromaffin-Like Cells

A

Secretes histamine in the stomach

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12
Q

Interstitial cells of Cajal

A

Pacemaker cells of the GI tract (generate slow waves)

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13
Q

Liver Acinus Model (Zones 1-3)

A

Preferred functional unit of the liver

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14
Q

Ito Cells

A

Store vitamin A in the liver

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15
Q

Enterokinase

A

Intestinal enzyme that triggers conversion of pancreatic trypsinogen to trypsin

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16
Q

Main Mechanism for Bile Salt Reabsorption

A

Enterohepatic circulation

17
Q

Triglyceride Absorption

A

Lumen → Intestinal Cells as Micelles

Intestinal Cells → Lymph Vessels (Lacteals) as Chylomicrons

18
Q

Start of Digestion: Carbohydrates

A

Mouth (salivary amylase/ptyalin)

19
Q

Start of Digestion: Fats

A

Stomach (lingual lipase)

20
Q

Start of Digestion: Proteins

A

Stomach (pepsin and denaturation by HCI)

21
Q

Absorption of Nutrients: Duodenum

A

Iron, vitamin C

22
Q

Absorption of Nutrients: Jejunum

A

Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, water

23
Q

Absorption of Nutrients: Ileum

A

Vitamins B12, IF, bile salts, vitamins ADEK

BE Correlates: Gastroenterology (19 decks)

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