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High-yield microbio Flashcards

1
Q

toxin that inhibits protein synthesis

A

shiga

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2
Q

the worst malaria

A

plasmodium falciparum which forms sticky knobs that cause clots–>organ failure, dic

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3
Q

clindamycin class, mechanism, allergies, general coverage

A

lincosamide
50s protein synthesis inhibitor
no major allergies (QTc, GI side fx)
pretty broad

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4
Q

ceftaroline mechanism, allergies, general coverage

A

4th gen ceph
less likely to cause allergy than penicillins
many gram negatives, MRSA!

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5
Q

abx vs mrsa

A

severe/iv: vancomycin +/- pipercillin-tazobactam, daptomycin

oral: ceftaroline, doxycycline, linezolid, clindamycin, Septra (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxozole)

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6
Q

effects of ehec

A

hemolytic uremic syndrome: too much hemolysis overwhelms kidneys, can’t keep up. less severe inhibits protein synthesis in rbcs (b/c of shiga toxin) resulting in capillary leakage, bloody diarrhea

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7
Q

yeast vs mold repro

A

yeast = budding
mold = conidiation (spore production)
both asexual

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8
Q

examples of yeasts

A

candida (by far most common), cryptococcus, pneumocystic

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9
Q

bacteria causing guillan barre

A

campylobacter

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10
Q

what is hiv care cascade

A

describes how many patients are dx’ed vs in care vs retained vs virally suppressed. 88% dx, 81% of those linked to care in 1st month. 50% retained in care, slightly more than that suppressed. need care w/in 1 mo of dx.

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11
Q

rheumatic fever bacterium

A

salmonella typhii

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12
Q

toxin that opens chloride channels

A

cholera

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13
Q

transmitted by fecal-oral

A

shigella, cholera, salmonella typhii

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14
Q

Vancomycin mechanism, allergies, general coverage

A

glycopeptide cell wall inhibitor
infusion reaction
MRSA, c. diff when po

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15
Q

examples of dimorphic fungi

A

histoplasmosis, blastomyces, coccioides; hyphae at rt unicellular at 37c

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16
Q

food-borne

A

campylobacter, EHEC, non-typhoid salmonella

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17
Q

yeasts vs molds structure

A 
yeast = unicellular, round, may form pseudohyphae (daughter buds remain attached and form chains)
molds = multicellular, hyphae
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18
Q

linezolid class, mechanism, allergies, general coverage

A

oxazolidinone
70s formation protein synthesis inhibitor
no major allergies (serotonin syndrome, optic neuritis, bone marrow, among other side fx)
broad, MRSA

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19
Q

abx vs gram negatives

A

cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, Septra

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20
Q

tx hiv

A

an anchor drug (usually INSTI = integrase inhibitor) and 2 NRTIs (nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors)

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21
Q

types of enteroinvasive bacteria

A

campylobacter, shigella, salmonella typhii, non-typhoid salmonella

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22
Q

viral diarrhea causes

A

norovirus, rotavirus

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23
Q

daptomycin mechanism, allergies, general coverage

A

puts holes in cell membrane
no allergies (skeletal myopathy among other adverse fx)
MRSA, many gram negatives but not pneumonia (inactivated by surfactant)

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24
Q

fluoroquinolones suffix, mechanism, allergies, general coverage

A

-floxacin
dna gyrase inhibitor
no major allergies
broad, includes gram negatives

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25
Q

hiv complications

A

aids: opportunistic infections, opportunistic cancers, chronic inflammation (but not clearance) = accelerated aging process, cardiovascular disease, clotting, immune senescence

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26
Q

oxacillin mechanism, allergies, general coverage

A

beta lactam
anaphylaxis
antistaph

27
Q

what has t3ss and what does it do

A

salmonella typhii, non-typhoid salmonella, cholera, injects virulence factors

28
Q

dx hiv

A

earliest possible to latest:

viral pcr, viral antigen, antibody (3rd, 2nd, 1st gen)

29
Q

abx vs mssa

A

antistaph penicillins = naficillin, oxacillin, amox+clav

1st thru 4th gen cephs

30
Q

gram negative bacteria of gut

A

“entero-“, e. coli, kleibsella, proteus

31
Q

malaria with hypnozoite

A

vivax, ovale; “hypnozoite” means a months to years long dormant phase

32
Q

penicillins mechanism, allergies, general coverage

A

beta lactam (tpa inhibitor)
anaphylaxis
narrow (penicillin), antistaph (naf, oxa), broad (amox/clav)
gram positives mostly, mssa, mrsa when in combo with other drugs

33
Q

honey crusted epidermal infection

34
Q

steps of hiv infection

A

gp41+120 binding to cd4+ccr5/cxcr4 –> fusion with cd4 cell –> rt –> integrase incorporates into host genome –> production of viral proteins –> protease cleaves these to make viral capsid

35
Q

cephazolin mechanism, allergies, general coverage

A

1st gen ceph
less likely to cause allergy than penicillins
a few gram negatives, mssa

36
Q

fungi therapeutic targets

A

ergosterol synthesis (cell membrane); beta-1,3-glucan synthetase (cell wall); dna/rna synthesis

37
Q

don’t start hiv tx asap if….

A

cerebral involvement or other closed spaces, rebound inflammation can result in high icp, possible death. almost always start asap tho

38
Q

commensal anaerobic bacteria of gut

A

bacteroides fragilis

39
Q

preferred hiv anchor drug

A

INSTI (integrase inhibitors) (fewest side effects)

40
Q

yeast vs mold commensal?

A

yeast commensal, mold no but ubiquitous in environment

41
Q

abcess bacterium

A

strep or staph

42
Q

drug targets hiv

A

surface proteins, rt, integrase, protease

43
Q

metronidazole mechanism, allergies, general coverage

A

dna breakage
no major allergies but several unpleasant side fx
broad, includes anaerobes, yeasts, gram negatives, c. diff

44
Q

doxycycline class, mechanism, allergies, general coverage

A

tetracycline
30s protein synthesis inhibitor
no major allergies (photosensitivity, pill esophagitis)
pretty broad, includes MRSA, some + and -, some parasites, strep pneumonia

45
Q

beta lactam vs mrsa

A

5th gen ceph, ceftaroline

46
Q

nafcillin mechanism, allergies, general coverage

A

beta lactam
anaphylaxis
antistaph

47
Q

impetigo bacterium

48
Q

examples of molds

A

aspergillus, mucorales (highly invasive, e.g. bread molds) e.g rhizopus

49
Q

cefoxitin mechanism, allergies, general coverage

A

2nd gen cef
less likely to cause allergy than penicillins
a few more gram negatives, mssa

50
Q

persistent (14-30 days) diarrhea causes

51
Q

necrotizing fasciitis bacterium

52
Q

cellulitis bacterium

A

strep or staph

53
Q

what are surface proteins of hiv and what do they bind

A

gp41, gp120 –> cd4, ccr5, cxcr4

54
Q

malaria that causes hemolytic anemia

A

falciparum, vivax

55
Q

target protein of beta-lactams

A

transpeptidase (tpa)

56
Q

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole mechanism, allergies, general coverage

A

folate synthesis inhibitor
many adverse events including sjs/ten, aplastic anemia
very broad, includes gram negatives, MRSA

57
Q

types of malaria

A

falciparum, vivax, ovale, malariae, knowlesi

58
Q

types of noninvasive bacteria

A

ehec, cholera, c diff

59
Q

dicloxacillin mechanism, allergies, general coverage

A

beta lactam
anaphylaxis
antistaph

60
Q

good for anaerobes

A

metronidazole, moxifloxacin, amox/clav, pip/tazo, carbanepams

61
Q

primary virulence factor of gram negatives

62
Q

ceftriaxone mechanism, allergies, general coverage

A

3rd gen ceph
less likely to cause allergy than penicillins
even more gram negatives, mssa

63
Q

acid stable bacterium, can cause infection with <10 cells

64
Q

abx vs gram positives

A

beta lactams,

SFM1 (10 decks)

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