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SFM1 > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Oxazolinadone examples

A

linezolid, tedizolid

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2
Q

Macrolides mechanism

A

protein synthesis inhibitors (50S)

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3
Q

Good MSSA or group A strep abx

A

any of MRSA (vancomycin not as well), amoxicillin(+clavulanate), cephalexin (1st gen cef)

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4
Q

Lincosamides coverage

A

Staph, MRSA, strep, anaerobes above diaphragm

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5
Q

Vancomycin coverage

A

Almost all gram + including MRSA but NOT MSSA (at least not as well), C. diff (PO), no gram -

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6
Q

Name some narrow spectrum penicillins and their coverage

A

Penicillin G: strep, syphilis, a few others including some gram negatives

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7
Q

Good MRSA abx

A

IV/severe: Vancomycin and daptomycin

Oral/not severe: ceftaroline, linezolid, clindamycin, doxycycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim or Septra)

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8
Q

Chloramphenicol mechanism

A

protein synthesis inhibitor

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9
Q

Sulfa drugs and trimethoprim mechanism

A

folic acid synthesis inhibitor, sulfonamides= tetrahydroptoic acid synthetase inhibitor (1st step), trimethoprim= dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor (2nd step), usually used together trimethoprim/sulfonamide

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10
Q

5th gen cefs and their coverage

A

ceftaroline: MRSA, NO pseudomonas

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11
Q

Aminoglycosides adverse events

A

acute tubular necrosis, ototoxicity

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12
Q

No cephalosporins have coverage for…

A

enterococcus

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13
Q

Aminoglycosides coverage

A

gram negatives, synergy for gram positives, pneumonia

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14
Q

Name some broad spectrum penicillins and their coverage

A

aminopenicillins+beta-lactamase inhibitor: amox/clav, amp/sulfbactam; all streps, MSSA, some gram - and anaerobes

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15
Q

Tetracyclines/glycycycline mechanism

A

protein synthesis inhibitor (30S)

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16
Q

3rd gen cefs and their coverage

A

ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, etc.: MSSA, strep, more gram negatives (HNPEK), ceftazidime for psuedomonas

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17
Q

Chloramphenicol coverage

A

broad, often used for meningitis (in other countries)

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18
Q

Best beta-lactam for pseudomonas

A

ceftazidime (3rd gen cephalosporin)

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19
Q

1st gen cefs and their coverage

A

cefazolin, MSSA, strep, a few gram negatives (PEK)

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20
Q

Tetracyclines/glycycycline examples

A

doxycycline, minocycline, tigecycline

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21
Q

2nd gen cefs and their coverage

A

cefuroxime, cefoxitime, MSSA, strep, more gram negatives (HPEK)

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22
Q

Daptomycin coverage

A

almost all gram + including MRSA, VRSA, no gram -, no pneumonia (inactivated by surfactant)

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23
Q

Oxazolinadone adverse events

A

bone marrow suppression, peripheral neuropathy, optic neuritis, serotonin syndrome (MAOI)

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24
Q

Lincosamides examples

A

clindamycin

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25
Q

Aminoglycosides mechanism

A

protein synthesis inhibitor (30S)

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26
Q

Class, prefix/suffix: penicillins

A

beta-lactam, -cillin

27
Q

Macrolides examples

A

erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin

28
Q

4th gen cefs and their coverage

A

cefepime: MSSA, strep, more gram + (SPACE), gram negatives (HNPEK) + pseudomonas

29
Q

Mechanism: beta-lactams

A

cell wall synthesis inhibitor; inhibits transpeptidase

30
Q

Lincosamides mechanism

A

protein synthesis inhibitor (50S)

31
Q

Daptomycin mechanism

A

inserts channels into cell membrane, bacteriocidal, lipopeptide

32
Q

A drug ending in “bactam” does what?

A

beta-lactamase inhibitor

33
Q

Class, prefix/suffix: carbanepams

A

beta-lactam, -penem

34
Q

Sulfa drugs and trimethoprim adverse events

A

SJS/TEN, hypersensitivity, sulfonamide crystalluria, renal failure, hyperkalemia, aplastic anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, GI, newborn brain injury

35
Q

Macrolides coverage

A

strep pneumonia, non-TB myco, chlamydia, mycoplasma, legionella, pertussis, H. pylori

36
Q

Daptomycin adverse events

A

Skeletal myopathy, occasionally eosinophilic pneumonia

37
Q

Sulfa drugs and trimethoprim spectrum

A

MRSA, MSSA, strep(?), gram negatives, nocardia, toxoplasmosis

38
Q

Tetracyclines/glycycycline coverage

A

MRSA, community-acquired pneumonia (strep and h. flu), lyme, chlamydia, leptospirosis, rickets

39
Q

Class, prefix/suffix: cephalosporins

A

beta-lactam, cef-

40
Q

Only beta-lactam that treats MRSA

A

ceftaroline (5th gen cephalosporin)

41
Q

Macrolides adverse events

A

QTc prolongation, GI

42
Q

Class, prefix/suffix: monobactams

A

beta-lactam, -onam; azetronam is the only one

43
Q

Oxazolinadone mechanism

A

protein synthesis inhibitor (70S)

44
Q

Vancomycin mechanism

A

similar to beta lactams but a glycopeptide

45
Q

Tetracyclines/glycycycline adverse events

A

photosensitivity, pill esophagitis (hard to swallow)

46
Q

Oxazolinadone coverage

A

all gram + including MRSA, C. diff

47
Q

Name some antistaphylococcal penicillins and their coverage

A

nafcillin, oxacillin - MSSA and other gram +, NO gram -; medium-spectrum

48
Q

Vancomycin adverse effects

A

infusion reaction, nephrotoxicity

49
Q

Sulfa drugs and trimethoprim resistance mechanism

A

PABA (starting substrate) overproduction

50
Q

Aminoglycosides examples

A

streptomycin, gentamycin, kanamycin, tobramycin, amikacin

51
Q

Chloramphenicol adverse events

A

many, not used much in US

52
Q

Lincosamides adverse events

A

GI, can cause C. diff

53
Q

Good abx for anaerobe infections

A

amox-clav, metronidazole, moxifloxacin, piperacillin-tazobactam, carbanepams

54
Q

Good abx for gram negatives

A

Cephalosporins –> cefazolin (1st gen) = a few, cefuroxime (2nd gen) = a few more, ceftriaxone/ceftazidime (3rd gen) = a few more, ceftazidime for pseudomonas, 4th gen cefepine = broad gram - coverage.

Fluoroquinolones: cipro > levo or moxi

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Metronidazole

55
Q

Fluoroquinolones mechanism

A

DNA gyrase inhibitor

56
Q

Fluoroquinolones coverage

A

cipro < moxi for gram negatives, moxi > cipro for gram positives, moxi > cipro general coverage, both pretty broad

57
Q

Fluoroquinolones examples

A

ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin

58
Q

Fluoroquinolones prefix/suffix

A

-floxacin

59
Q

Fluoroquinolone adverse events

A

cartilage problems in children, generally safe for adults: GI, dizziness, insomnia, headache

60
Q

Metronidazole mechanism

A

DNA breakage

61
Q

Metronidazole adverse events

A

neurotoxicities, alcohol interactions

62
Q

Metronidazole coverage

A

broad, anaerobes, gram negatives, bactericides, sometimes C. diff, yeast infections; resistance is rare

63
Q

good anti-pseudomonals

A

piperacillin/tazobactam, ticarcillin/clav, ceftazidime/avibactam/ceftolozone/tazobactam

64
Q

good abx for C. diff

A

1st line: fidicomycin
2nd line: vanco (PO)+metro
3rd line: fecal transplant

SFM1 (10 decks)

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