High Risk Neonates Related to Dysmaturity Flashcards
Preterm
(Late term)
SGA
Term
AGA
Postterm
LGA
born after the beginning of week 38 and before 42 weeks of pregnancy.
Term
: infants born before term (before the beginning of the 37th week of pregnancy)
Preterm
born at 42 weeks’ or more gestation
POSTTERM
those who weigh less than 2,500 g
Low Birth Weight
newborns weigh less than 1,500 g
Very Low Birth Weight
unborn baby is smaller than it should be because it is not growing at a normal rate inside the womb
IUGR
newborn whose weight, length, and/or head circumference falls between the 10th and 90th percentiles for gestational age
AGA
newborn whose weight, length, and/or head circumference falls below the 10th percentile for gestational age
SGA
an infant whose weight, length, and/or head circumference is above the 90th percentile gestational age
LGA
Generally, all three growth measurements (weight, length, and head circumference), when plotted on a standard growth chart, fall below the 10th percentile.
Symmetrically Growth-Restricted Newborns
When the three growth measurements (weight, length, and head circumference) are plotted on a standard growth chart, one of the measurements falls below the 10th percentile.
Asymmetrically Growth-Restricted Newborns
newborns weigh less than 1,000 g
Extremely Low Birth Weight
What causes SGA?
Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) or failed to grow at the expected rate in utero
ETIOLOGY of SGA
Nutrition
Placental anomaly
Women with systemic diseases: Diabetes mellitus, Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH)
Intrauterine infection contracted by the infant (rubella, toxoplamosis)
Women who smoke heavily and uses narcotics
Chromosomal abnormality and Congenital
defects
Multiple gestations in which each fetus competes for supplied nutrients in the blood
The SGA infant may be detected in utero when
fundal height during pregnancy becomes progressively less than expected
Appearance of SGA
- Over-all wasted appearance
- With small liver: difficulty regulating glucose, protein, and bilirubin levels after birth.
- Poor skin turgor
- Appear to have a large head because the rest of the body is so small.
- Skull sutures may be widely separated from lack of normal bone growth.
*Hair: dull and lusterless. - Abdomen: may be sunken.
- Umbilical cord: often appears dry and may
be stained yellow.
֩* age is more advanced than the weight
implies, a child may have better-developed
neurologic responses, sole creases, and ear
cartilage than expected for a baby of that
weight. - The skull may be firmer, and the infant
may seem unusually alert and active for that
weight.
POTENTIAL COMLPLICATIONS of SGA
High hematocrit level
Polycythemia
Hypoglycemia
Meconium Aspiration
Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn (TTN)
What causes polycythemia in infants with SGA?
ANOXIA
What causes hypoglycemia in infants with SGA?
decreased glycogen stores
What causes meconium aspiration in infants with SGA?
intrauterine fetal distress
What causes Transient Tachypnea of the Newbor in infants with SGA?
RETAINED FETAL LUNG FLUID
