High Risk Factors of Pregnancy Flashcards
11 high risk factors of pregnancy
15 years old and below
above 35 years old
underweight/overweight
anemic
poor nutritional status
pre-existing medical conditions (DM, HPN, thyroid disorder, cardiac disease)
genetic factors
substance abuse
previous pregnancy loss
multiparity
low socioeconomic status
_ are at risk of having adverse health outcomes since their reproductive system is not yet fully matured.
15 years old and below or adolescents
15 years old mothers have an increased risk for (2).
developing pre-eclampsia
CPD
adolescents have poor _ care.
antenatal care
fetal complications for adolescents include (2).
LBW
increased risk for fetal demise
35 years old and above are considered as _.
old primis
old primis are associated with abnormalities in labor such as (2).
CS
pre-eclampsia
mother is considered underweight if their weight is less than?
45.5 kg or 100 lbs
mother is considered overweight if their weight is over?
91 kgs or 200 lbs
maternal complications for underweight mother includes (3).
poor nutrition
CPD
prolonged labor
fetal complications for old primis include (2).
increased risk of congenital abnormalities
chromosomal aberrations
fetal complications for underweight mother includes (2).
IUGR
hypoxia associated with difficult labor and birth
maternal complications of overweight mother (3)
increased risk of developing hypertension
CPD
DM
fetal implications for overweight mother (1)
increased risk of macrosomia
mother is considered anemic if her hgb is less than?
11g/l
iron needs during pregnancy are obtained from (3).
maternal iron stores
diet
supplementation
maternal implications of anemic mother (2)
IDA
low energy levels due to decreased oxygen carrying capacity of the RBC
fetal implications of anemic mother (3)
fetal death
prematurity
LBW
maternal implications of poor nutritional status (3)
inadequate nutrition
risk of anemia
risk of pre-eclampsia
fetal implications of poor nutritional status (3)
fetal malnutrition
prematurity
SGA
maternal implications for mother with DM (3)
pre-eclampsia
hypoglycemia
CS
fetal implications for mother with DM (5)
LBW
macrosomia
hypoglycemia
congenital anomalies
RDS
maternal implications for mother with HPN (4)
vasospasm
CNS irritability resulting to convulsions
CVA
renal damage
fetal implications for mother with HPN (2)
decreased placental perfusion which leads to LBW
preterm birth
maternal implications for mother with thyroid disorders (1)
increased infertility
fetal implications for mother with thyroid disorders (1)
spontaneous abortion
maternal implications for mother with cardiac disease (1)
cadiac decompensation
fetal implications for mother with cardiac disease (2)
increased maternal death rate
fetal demise
substance abuse of alcohol’s maternal implication includes (1)
increased risk of mid-trimester abortions
substance abuse of alcohol’s fetal implication includes (3)
mental retardation
behavior and learning disorders
FAS
FAS
fetal-alcoholic syndrome
FAS manifests (2)
mentally deficient with congenital deformities
LBW
substance abuse of smoking’s maternal implication includes (3)
increased risk of spontaneous abortion
premature delivery
still birth
substance abuse of smoking’s fetal implication includes (2)
LBW
birth defects
the use of nicotine leads to _, which then decreased blood flow to the placenta, leading to LBW.
vasoconstriction
substance abuse of caffeine’s maternal implication includes (3)
frequent urination
mood swings
interferes with iron absorption
substance abuse of caffeine’s fetal implication includes (1)
DM
how many cups of coffee is ok for pregnant women?
1 cup
substance abuse of cocaine and other illit drugs’ maternal implication includes (5)
anemia
blood and heart infection
skin infection
hepatitis
STD
substance abuse of cocaine and illicit drugs’ fetal implication includes (3)
SIDS
growth defect
hyperactivity
illicit drug that can cause behavioral problems.
marijuana
illicit drugs that can cause prematurity, abruption placenta, and preeclampsia.
cocaine
illicit drugs that can cause withdrawal syndrome and seizure.
heroine and methadone
perinatal addiction fetal implications: drug addicted neonates experience withdrawal syndromes known as _.
neonatal abstinence syndrome
signs and symptoms of neonatal abstinence syndrome (5)
tremors
sensitivity to noise
feeding problems
poor coordination
excessive crying and irritability
FDA pregnancy category of medications: safe for fetus in human studies
category a
FDA pregnancy category of medications: safe for fetus in animal studies
category b
FDA pregnancy category of medications: no adequate studies available
category c
FDA pregnancy category of medications: fetal risk but increased benefits than risk
category d
FDA pregnancy category of medications: fetal risk but increased risk than benefits
category e
OTC drugs and their effects: masculinization of female infants (3).
androgen
estrogen
progesterone
OTC drugs and their effects: phocomelia, cardiac and lung defects
thalidomide
OTC drugs and their effects: cleft lip and palate, congenital heart defects
anticonvulsant (dilantin)
OTC drugs and their effects: congenital heart defect
lithium
OTC drugs and their effects: yellow staining of teeth, inhibit bone growth, not given to children below 7.
tetracycline
OTC drugs and their effects: neonatal bleeding, decreased uterine growth
salicylates (aspirin)
OTC drugs and their effects: fetal metabolic alkalosis
sodium bicarbonate
OTC drugs and their effects: nerve deafness
streptomycin
OTC drugs and their effects: CNS defects
vitamin a
OTC drugs and their effects: goiter, mental retardation
iodides
OTC drugs and their effects: cleft lip and palate
steroids, cortisone
OTC drugs and their effects: bleeding disorders
barbiturates
OTC drugs and their effects: hyperbilirubinemia
vitamin k
previous pregnancy loss maternal implication (2)
increased emotional
psychological distress
previous pregnancy loss fetal implications (1)
risk for abortion
multiparity maternal implications (1)
increased risk of antepartum or post-partum hemorrhage
multiparity fetal implications (2)
anemia
fetal death
low socioeconomic status maternal implications (1)
failure to avail prenatal/antepartal services
low socioeconomic status fetal implications (1)
increased for developmental problems
9 danger signs of pregnancy
vaginal bleeding
sudden escape of fluid from vagina
abdominal pain
fever and chills
persistent vomiting
swelling of hand, face, legs, and feet
dysuria
absence of fetal movements
severe headache, dizziness, blurring of vision, spots before the eyes
first trimester bleeding is mostly related to _ whereas third trimester bleeding is associated to _.
abortion
previa
if fetus is small and head _, umbilical cord may prolapse.
does not fit in the cervix
crampy pain, _ early in pregnancy with or without bleeding is a characteristic of abortion.
low abdominal
a sudden sharp, severe, low quadrant unilateral, radiating to the shoulder is a characteristic of _ pregnancy.
ectopic
hard, board-like, painful abdomen is a typical sign of _
abruptio placenta
may be an evidence of an intrauterine infection w/c is a serious complication for both the woman and the baby.
fever and chills
means that the membranes have ruptured. both the mother and the fetus are threatened because
uterine cavity is no longer sealed against infection.
sudden escape of fluid from vagina
vomiting that continues past the _ of pregnancy is also extended vomiting. it depletes the
nutritional supply available to fetus.
12 weeks
this is a sign of generalized edema and is often associated with pre-eclampsia. this swelling is
usually noted as
tightening of the wedding ring
mostly associated with UTI
dysuria
sign of possible fetal death
absence of fetal movements
sign of hypertension and pre-eclampsia.
severe headache
dizziness
blurring of vision
spots before the eyes
