Gestational Conditions Flashcards
symptoms of HG often gets better after the _ week of pregnancy but may last the entire pregnancy duration
20th
when vomiting is severe, it may result in loss of _% or more of pre-pregnancy body weight
5
nutritional disorders associated with HG
B1 thiamine
B6 pyridoxine
B12 cobalamine
HG can be aggravated by prenatal vitamins, especially those containing
iron
excessive salivation
sialorrhea gravidarum
HG tends to occur in the _ trimester and lasts significantly longer than morning sickness.
first
main causes of HG
elevated bHCG and estrogen
first line treatment of HG
dry bland food and oral rehydration
infants of women with HG who gain less than 7kg during pregnancy tend to be _.
LBW
SGA
preterm
infants of women with HG who gain more than 7kg during pregnancy tend to be _.
normal
in _ over 50 pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy occurs
1
most often, ectopic pregnancy happens within the _ few weeks of pregnancy, usually by the _ week of pregnancy.
first
8th
in EP, if fallopian tube has not ruptured and pregnancy has not progressed, what will be done?
laparoscopic surgery
type of gestational trophoblastic disease
hydatidiform mole
in _ every 1000 pregnancy is molar
1
a repeat molar pregnancy happens in about - out of every 100 women
1-2
symptoms of h-mole include vaginal bleeding during the first _ months of pregnancy
3
symptoms of (2) may occur in h-mole
hyperthyroidism
preeclampsia
if you had a h-mole, avoid another pregnancy for - months.
6-12
incompetent cervix happens during the _ trimester.
second
cervical weakness has a cervix length of less than _ mm at or before _ weeks.
25mm
24 weeks
these procedures are associated with spontaneous abortion and defects during the 1st trimester but not the 2nd trimester.
amniocentesis
CVS
cervical incompetence does not cause 1st trimester spontaneous abortion, rather, in the _ trimester. is it identified after a premature birth has occurred at about - weeks into the pregnancy.
2nd trimester
16-18 weeks
during the _ trimester, major trauma can result in a miscarriage.
2nd
does NVP increase or decrease the risk of miscarriage
decrease
describes any bleeding during pregnancy, prior to viability that has yet to be assessed. At investigation it may be found that the fetus remains viable and the pregnancy continues without further problems.
threatened abortion
occurs when the cervix has already dilated, but the fetus has yet to be expelled. This usually will progress to a complete abortion. The fetus may or may not have cardiac activity.
inevitable abortion
is when all products of conception have been expelled; these may include the
trophoblast, chorionic villi, gestational sac, yolk sac, and fetal pole (embryo); or later in pregnancy the fetus, umbilical cord, placenta, amniotic fluid, and amniotic membrane.
complete abortion
occurs when some products of conception have been passed, but some remains inside the uterus.
incomplete abortion
is when the embryo or fetus has died, but a miscarriage has not yet occurred. It is also referred to as delayed miscarriage, silent miscarriage, or missed miscarriage.
missed abortion
occurs when the tissue from a missed or incomplete miscarriage becomes
infected, which carries the risk of spreading infection (septicaemia) and can be fatal.
septic abortion
is the occurrence of multiple consecutive miscarriages; the exact number used to diagnose recurrent miscarriage varies.
recurrent abortion
may be performed by a physician for women who do not want to continue the pregnancy.
induced abortion
performed by a woman or a non-medical personnel, is extremely dangerous and is still a cause of maternal mortality in some countries.
self-induced abortion
after _ weeks of gestation and abortion occurs, there is a higher risk of placenta retention.
13 weeks
placenta previa commonly occurs around _ weeks of gestation, but can be as early as late _ trimester.
32 weeks
midtrimester
placenta previa should be suspected if there is bleeding after _ weeks of gestation.
24
bleeding after delivery occurs in about _% of those affected with placenta previa.
22
recurrence rate of placenta previa
4-8%
malpresentation during placenta previa is found in about _% cases.
35
in confirmatory of placenta previa, repeat scanning is done after an interval of - minutes.
15-30
which is more suitable for placenta previa, transvaginal utz or transabdominal utz
rate of IUGR incidence for those with placenta previa
15%
abruptio placenta occurs around _ weeks of pregnancy.
25 weeks
AP class 1 incidence rate
mild, 48%
AP class 2 incidence rate
moderate, 27%
AP class 3 incidence rate
severe, 24%
the use of _ before 16 weeks of pregnancy to prevent pregnancy-eclampsia also appear effective in preventing AP
aspirin
placenta that is not complete divided into lobes
placenta bipartita
placenta separated into parts
placenta duplex
placenta with accessory lobe
succenturiate placenta
placenta associated with fetal growth retardation, postpartum and antepartum hemorrhage
ring shaped placenta
placenta with central portion of the maternal is missing
fenestrated placenta
placenta where chorionic plate is smaller than basal plate
extrachorial placenta
extrachorial placenta with fetal surface presenting a central depression surround by thickened white graying ring.
circumvallate
extrachorial placenta with white grayish ring located at the margin of the placenta.
circummarginate
placenta with fetal membrane covered by functioning villi
membranous placenta/placenta diffusa
placenta associated with syphilis and erythroblastosis fetalis
large placenta
retained placenta that becomes a polyp may be covered by regenerated endometrium
placental polyp
placenta is implanted in a thin and poorly formed decidua
abnormally adherent placenta
abnormally adherent placenta attached to the myometrium
placenta accreta
abnormally adherent placenta attached deeply in the myometrium
placenta increta
abnormally adherent placenta attached in the myometrium, perimetrium, and the bladder
placenta percreta
reduced placental function
placental inssuficiency
PPROM occurs before _ weeks.
37
when the fetal membranes rupture early, at least before labor has started
PROM
a case of PROM in which more than 18 hours had passed between the rupture and the onset of labor
prolonged PROM
PROM that occurs before 37 weeks of gestation
PPROM
PROM that occurs before 24 weeks gestation
mid-trimester/pre-viable PROM
for PPROM, what is given to allow maximum efficacy of corticosteroids for fetal lungs and also confer benefit to fetal brain and gut before delivery
magnesium sulfate infusion
one time dose of corticosteroids (2 separate adm, 12-24 hours apart before _ weeks)
34 weeks
HELLP syndrome in pre-eclampsia
hemolytic anemia, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet
medicines (3) used for severe pregnancy hypertension
methyldopa
hydralazine
labetalol
in PI, the fetus is at increased risk of _ (immature lungs).
pulmonary hypoplasia
blighted ovum caused about 1-2 miscarriages in the _ trimester of pregnancy.
first
in normal pregnancy, after how many weeks does the gestational sac grow into 18mm?
5-6 weeks
most doctors recommend to wait at least - regular menstrual cycles before trying to conceive again after any type of miscarriage.
1-3
