higado y vias biliares

Question 1

how is the liver anatomically divided

Answer 1

into four lobes:

• right lobe (largest lobe)
• left lobe
• quadrate (cuadrado) lobe: lies between the galldbladder and the round ligament of the liver
• cuadate (caudado) lobe

Question 2

how is the liver functionally divided

Answer 2

right and left lobe:
- based upon its vasculature, with each lobe receiving a major branch of the hepatic artery, portal vein, hepatic vein, and biliary drainage

Question 3

functions of the liver

Answer 3

• it receives the venous drainage from the GI tract, its accessory organs, and the spleen via the portal vein
• storage of energy resources (glycogen, fat, protein, vitamins)
• production of cellular fuels (glucose, fatty acids, keto acids)
• production of plasma proteins and clotting factors
• metabolism of toxins and drugs
• modification of many hormones
• production of bile acids
• excretion of substances (bilirubin)
• storage of iron and many vitamins
• phagocytosis of foreign materials that enter the portal circulation from the bowel

Question 4

donde esta localizado el higado

Answer 4

en el cuadrante superior derecho donde es protegido por la caja toracica y el diafragma.

ocupa la mayor parte del hipocondrio derecho y el epigastrio

Question 5

features of the liver

Answer 5

• lobes (2 mayor, the right lobe has subdivisions into quadrate and caudate)
• round ligament: ligament that contains obliterated umbilical vein
• falciform ligament
• ligamentum venosum: ligamentous remnant of fetal ductus venosus, allowing fetal blood from placenta to bypass liver
• coronary ligaments: reflections of peritoneum from liver to diaphragm
• bare area: are of liver pressed against diaphragm that lacks visceral peritoneum
• porta hepatis: site at which vessels, ducts, lymphatics, and nerves enter or leave liver

Question 6

irrigacion e inervacion del hidago

Answer 6

• arteria hepatica (20-30%) que proveiene del tronco celiaco
• vena porta (70-80%) que se forma de la union de la mesenterica superior y esplenica
• el plexo hepatico se compone de fibras simpaticas del plexo celiaco y fibar parasimpatiacs del nervio vago.

Question 7

los medios de fijacion del higado

Answer 7

ligamento redondo
ligamento falciforme
ligamento triangular derecha e izquierda
ligamento coronario
vena cava inferior
repliegues del peritoneo

Question 8

what is the portal triad made up of

Answer 8

it’s made up of a branch of the hepatic artery, a branch of the portal vein, and a bile duct.

Question 9

where is bile produced

Answer 9

is it produced by the hapatocytes (900ml/day) and drains into intralobular bile ductules and then the larger bile ducts. ultimately bile is collected into the gallbladder, where it is stored and concentrated.

Question 10

describe the course of bile once is it secreted by the hepatocyte

Answer 10

bile canaliculus (capillary) –> intralobular ductules –> bile ducts –> collects in the right and left hepatic ducts –> common hepatic duct –> cystic duct –> gallbladder –> stimulation of gallbladder largery by vagal efferent and cholecystokinin –> cystic duct –> common bile duct –> hepatopancreatic ampulla of Vater –> enters second part of duodenum

Question 11

what is the capacity of the gallbladder

Answer 11

30 - 50 mL

Question 12

how much bile is produced a day

Answer 12

900 mL / day