HIC EOB Questions Flashcards
What is palliative care
Approach to psychosocial management
CEASER
Communication- Respect, Empathy and Compassion
Ethical Principles-Autonomy
Advocacy-guided by ethical principles
Support- Refer for psychological support
Empower
Reassure
Approach to Spiritual care
Meaning
Legacy
Guilt and Blame
Hope
Death and dying (FICA)
Approach to symptom management
-COMMUNICATE to patient about problem and offer and psychological support
-correct REVERSIBLE factors
-provide DISEASE SPECIFIC treatment
-consider NON-DRUG measures (non-pharmacological)
-MEDICATION as needed (pharmacological)
-TEAM approach
-REVIEW (follow up)
-REFER
Approach to pain management
IN ADDTION TO APPROACH TO SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT
-Address each source of pain in the patient individually
-characterise type of pain (SOCRATES)
-use WHO pain Ladder to asses medication needs according to severity
WHO Pain Ladder
STEP 1
Simple analgesics NSAIDS
Paracetamol (+ adjuvunct)
STEP 2
Weaker opiods Tramadol Codeine (+adjuvunct)
STEP 3
Stronger opioids morphine, fentanyl, oxycodone (+adjuvunct)
Types of Medication for types of pain
Pain: paracetamol, morphine and tramadol
Burning- amitriptyline
Shooting pain- carbamazepine
Inflammatory pain: diclofenac
Constipation: lactulose
Anxiety and insomnia: lorazepam
Cramps or mucus hypersecretion: Hyoscine butyl bromide (HBB)
Nausea and delirium: haloperidol
Nausea: metoclopramide antiemetics
The Health Promotion Toolbox (Question will say Describe a plan of action using health promotion principles)
CRAPEM
Community Participation
Research
Advocacy
Policy
Educate
Mediation
Education
Behavioural Change
Mass Media
Community Participation
Mediation
Advocacy
Policy
Research
Application of Health Promotion Planning cycle
Research
Planning
Pre-Test
Implementation
Evaluation
Likely organism to cause child diarrhoea - Rice water Stools
Vibrio Cholera
Determinants of the Basic Reproductive number
Reproductive number
= Infectiousness
X Number of contacts
X Duration of
infectiousness
Diff between Basic Reproductive number and Effective Reproductive number
BRN- Number of secondary cases likely to arise from primary cases in a totally susceptible population during their period of infectiousness.
ERN is Reproductive number at any specified time in a partially susceptible population
Prevention strategies to prevent exposure to diarrhoeas disease
Educate people on how infections spread and about hygiene
Eliminate sources by boiling water
Engineer exposure?
2 community based interventions to reduce incidence of diarrhoea
Educate about hygiene
Sanitation
Clean tap water
Educate on ORS
Signs of severe dehydration
Lethargic
Unable to drink
Convulsions?
Types of hazards and examples
Biological
Ergonomic
Physical
Chemical
How to make ORS at home
Mining Laws
- Mine Health and Safety Act (1996)
Preventative Act for mines, quarries and works - Occupational Disease in Mines and Works Act (1993)
Disability and death compensation designed uniquely for mines and quarries
Specific compensable occupational disease eg Pneumoconiosis, TB, COAD
Miners entitled to benefit examinations under this(2 per year) - Compensation for Occupational Injuries and Diseases Act
Compensation Act for Injuries and Diseases
Covers medical care, compensates for loss of income as well as permanent disability and death
Non-Mining Laws
OHSA (Occupational Health & Safety Act) (85/1993)
• The “preventive” act
• Promote a safe working environment
• Penalties, fines and jail sentences for non-compliance
COIDA (Compensation for Occupational Injuries & Diseases Act)
(130/1993)
• The “compensation” act – “reactive”
• Injuries and diseases occurred
• Cover for medical care/treatment, and compensation for loss
of income as well as “permanent disablement
Common Occupational Disease
Pneumoconiosis
Tuberculosis
Contact dermatitis
Noise induced hearing loss
Musculoskeletal disorders
Occupational Asthma
The inter relationship between work and health
The effect of Work on Health
• work as a causative factor
• work as a contributory factor
• work as an aggravating factor
The effect of health on work, when disabled you can’t work
How to Manage Occupational disease
Make diagnosis
Establish work relatedness
Apply usual treatment principles
Attempt to reduce exposure
Recommend preventative strategies
Inform employer
Report to DOL
COIDA/ODMWA
Advocacy tools
Research
Community involvement
Lobbying
Mass Media
Activities
Plan and time constrains
Evaluation
Role of Health professionals in climate change
(HEALTH PROMOTION Tool)
Identify and protect vulnerable
Advocate for greener HS
Actions to manage it’s impacts
