Hiatial and Diaphragmatic Hernias

Question 1

Type I hiatal hernia

Answer 1

Sliding

Question 2

Type II hiatal hernia

Answer 2

Paraesophageal

Question 3

Incidence of sliding HH?

Answer 3

90% of all HH

Question 4

Incidence of paraesophageal HH?

Answer 4

5% of all HH

Question 5

Complications of paraesophageal HH if left untreated?

Answer 5

Hemorrhage, incarceration, obstruction, strangulation

Question 6

Type III hiatal hernia?

Answer 6

Combination of I and II

Question 7

Type IV hiatal hernia?

Answer 7

Stomach + organ (colon, spleen etc) in chest cavity

Question 8

What physiologic openings are in the diaphragm?

Answer 8

1. Caval opening (IVC)
2. Esophageal hiatus
3. Aortic hiatus
   4 and 5. Bilateral gap for psoas major

Question 9

Esophageal hiatus

Answer 9

In the muscle of the right crus
At T 10
Also transmits anterior and posterior vagal trunks