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Surgery > AMBOSS - Surgery > Flashcards

AMBOSS - Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

Big mechanism of injury with mediastinal widening

A

Aortic injury

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2
Q

Hemothorax treatment?

A

Chest tube

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3
Q

Pneumobilia and s/sx of mechanical obstruction?

A

Cholecystoenteric fistula -> gallstone illeus

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4
Q

Mechanical SBO without clear cause on imaging?

A

Ogilvie syndrome

Tx = neostigmine

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5
Q

Blind loop syndrome

A

SIBO preventing absorption

H/o GI anatomy alteration (bypass etc) with s/sx malabsorption

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6
Q

Treatment for anal fissure

A 
Sitz bath (reduce sphincter tone, increase blood flow)
Nifidipine (increased blood flow for healing)
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7
Q

First line tx for internal hemorroids

A

Docusate (to soften stool)
Topical/suppository lido if painful
If fails -> rubber band, infrared coag, sclerotherapy

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8
Q

Glutamate dehydrogenase antigen tests for what?

A

C diff colitis

Also can do EIA for A/B tox, PCR, culture

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9
Q

Hamman’s sign

A

Crunch with heartbeat (d/t mediastinal emphysema)

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10
Q

Causes of postop hemorrhage

A

<24 hrs: Mechanical (slipped ligature, cessation of vasospasm) vs. hemostatic (undx’d coag dz)
<1 week: massive transfusion (dilution coag) vs. consumption coag
>1 week: surgical site infection, erosion of blood vessels

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11
Q

Diagnosing Boerhaave syndrome

A

Initial: CXR
Confirm: Gastrografin swallow
Unstable/uncooperative: CT

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12
Q

PBC marker and tx

A

AMA + (and ANA +)
1st line: Urodeoxycholic acid
Transplant if cirrhosis
Treat itching

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13
Q

Treatment of pancreatic head vs. body/tail carcinoma?

A

Whipple (pancreaticoduodenectomy)

Left sided resection with splenectomy

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14
Q

Double bubble on XR?

A

Duodenal atresia

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15
Q

H/o chron’s dz presenting with SBO. Tx?

A

Bowel sparing resection (strictureplasty) d/t likely postop formation of adhesions

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16
Q

Initial test for ZE (after ruling out h. pylori)

A

Fasting serum gastrin level

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17
Q

Dx of suspected pyloric stenosis

A

Ultrasound showing elongated and thickened pylorus

Target sign on transverse view

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18
Q

Lab findings in pyloric stenosis

A

Hypokalemic, hypochloridic metabolic alkalosis

19
Q

Dx steps of achalasia?

A

Barium swallow
Manometry
NEED EGD with bx to rule out cancer (pseudo-achalasia)

20
Q

Child with abd pain and concentric rings of bowel on US?

A

Intussusception (commonly caused by Meckle’s)

21
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome management

A

Mild/mod: 1st line = volar splint or GC injection
Severe or refractory = decompression
S/Sx of severe = thenar atrophy

22
Q

Cushing triad

A

Hypertension, bradycardia, irregular respiration

Increased ICP -> Decreased brain perfusion -> increased sympathetic tone and HTN

23
Q

Intermetatarsal neuroma (aka Morton’s neuroma)

A

Pain and burning in downstream digits

Often in pt who wears narrow/high-heeled footwear

24
Q

Mulder’s sign

A

Pop or click + pain in patient with intermetatarsal neuroma

25
Q

Who gets SCFE?

A

Obese males, 10-16 years old
PE: Flexed, ext rot hip (foot pointing at other)
XR: sclerotic epiphysis, joint widening (or nml early)
Surgical emergency, pinning

26
Q

Legg-Calves-Perthes disease

A

Avascular necrosis of femoral head, idiopathic

Usually around 6 years old

27
Q

Dx of developmental dysplasia of the hip

A

US NOT XR
Hip is not yet calcified
alpha angle <60

28
Q

DDH treatment

A

Pavic harness (rigid harness)

29
Q

Risk factors for DDH

A

Female

Breech presentation

30
Q

Severe disk herniation symtoms

A

Urinary retention
Saddle anesthesia
Bilateral sx’s

31
Q

Lidocaine injection test

A

Used in impingement

Dx and Tx

32
Q

When is CRPP an option?

A

Generally with hand or distal radius fractures

33
Q

Study of choice for suspected posterior shoulder dislocation?

A

Axillary radiograph

34
Q

PE for posterior dislocation

A

Anterior flattening

Coracoid prominence

35
Q

What kind of fluid do you give burn patients?

A

Crystalloid

36
Q

Elbow fx vs. radial head sublux in a kiddo?

A

Inflammation vs. no-inflammation

37
Q

Osteosarc vs. Ewings

A 
Ewing = kiddos, onion skin, diaphysis
Osteosarc = teens, sunburst, metaphysis
38
Q

Palmar fibromatosis

A

Overproliferation of fibroblasts

Limit extension

39
Q

Breast CA treatment in pregnancy

A

Always resect
Chemo after 1st tri
NO Rads

40
Q

PDA treatment

A

Indomethacin (kill dem prostaglandins)

41
Q

Cutoff for US vs. mammo in breast CA?

A

30 years old

42
Q

Dx and tx for meconium ileus?

A

Gastrogaffin for both! Dx and osmotic pull

43
Q

Different treatment for types of male germ cell tumors?

A 
NSGCT = Bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin (increased AFP, ßhcg)
SGCT = Rads

Surgery (14 decks)

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