HHS Flashcards

1
Q

Define HHS

A

A chronic metabolic disorder characterised by the impaired secretion and resistance of insulin, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels.

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2
Q

What happens to the cells in HHS?

A

The body’s cells are resistant to the effects of insulin, leading to an inability to efficiently use glucose for energy.

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3
Q

how does the pancreas contribute to HHS?

A

The pancreas may not produce enough insulin to overcome insulin resistance. This contributes to the persistent elevation of blood sugar levels.

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4
Q

How is HHS characterised?

A

by extreme dehydration.
The high levels of glucose in the blood lead to osmotic diuresis, causing excessive fluid loss.

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5
Q

what does the hyperosmolality in HHS cause?

A

Excessive loss of fluids results in increased blood concentration, causing hyperosmolality, leading to altered mental symptoms

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6
Q

what process contributes to elevated blood glucose?

A

Glycogenolysis Inhibition: Decreased glycogenolysis contributes to elevated blood glucose levels.

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7
Q

in what scenarios does HHS often occur?

A

HHS often occurs in the setting of an underlying illness or stressors such as infections, heart attacks, or other medical conditions that can exacerbate insulin resistance.

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8
Q

what are the signs of HHS?

A
  • Reduced GCS
    -Dehydration
    -Hemiparesis (can be confused for a stroke)
    -Seizures
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9
Q

What are the symptoms of HHS?

A
  • Generalised weakness and leg cramps
    -Confusion, hallucinations, headaches Visual disturbance
    -Polyuria and polydipsia
    -Nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain
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10
Q

What is the treatment for HHS?

A
  • IV fluid 0.9% saline
    -IV insulin only if there is ketonaemia or IV fluids aren’t working
    -LMWH to anticoagulate patient as they have thicker blood
    -Electrolytes lost (K+)
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11
Q

What are the cardiovascular complications of HHS?

A

Venous Thromboembolism, Arrhythmias, MI

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12
Q

What are the neuro complications of HHS?

A

strokes and seizures

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13
Q

What are the renal complications of HHS?

A

AKI

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