hhd unit 4 aos 1

Question 1

gross national income (per capita)

Answer 1

total value of the goods and services a country’s citizen produces, including the value of income earned by citizens who may be working in an overseas country
Country’s average income

Question 2

economic characteristics of GNI
PORA

Answer 2

Poverty
Range of industries
Opportunities for global trade
Average incomes

Question 3

environmental characteristics of GNI
AAFAA

Answer 3

Access to safe water and sanitation
Food security
Adequate housing
Adequate infrastructure
Access to safe working conditions

Question 4

social characteristics of GNI

Answer 4

Birth rates and population growth
Gender equality
Employment
Education
Social security system
Health system
Access to technology
Legal system
History of colonisation

Question 5

factors that contribute to BOD and health status
APIGS

Answer 5

• access to safe water
• sanitation
• poverty
• inequality and discrimination
• global distribution and marketing of tobacco, smoking

Question 6

access to safe water

Answer 6

water isnt contaminated by disease causing pathogens

Question 7

sanitation

Answer 7

safe removal of human waste

Question 8

poverty

Answer 8

extreme poverty - living on less than $1.90 per day
relative poverty - living on less than 50% of the country’s average income

Question 9

inequality and discrimination

Answer 9

exclusion based on race, sex, and religion
sex - obstetric fistula

Question 10

global distribution and marketing of tobacco, smoking

Answer 10

increased distribution and marketing of these products in low and middle income countries

Question 11

sustainability

Answer 11

involves meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

Question 12

social sustainability

Answer 12

creating an adequate society that meets the needs of all citizens and can be maintained indefinitely

Question 13

economic sustainability

Answer 13

ensuring that average incomes in all countries are adequate to sustain decent standards of living and continue to rise in line with inflation costs

Question 14

environmental sustainability

Answer 14

relates to ensuring the natural environment and national resources are used in a way that will preserve them into the future

Question 15

considerations of social sustainability

Answer 15

• gender equality
• access to safe and decent working conditions
• promotion of political and legal rights
• peace and security

Question 16

considerations of economic sustainability

Answer 16

• innovation and diversity of industries
• job creation/employment
• economic growth
• trade

Question 17

considerations of environmental sustainability

Answer 17

-biodiversity
- use of natural resources
- waste removal
- climate change

Question 18

human development

Answer 18

Creating a supportive environment where people can:
- Develop to their full potential
- Lead productive and creative lives
- Participate in the lives of the community
- Expand and have choices
- Enhance their capabilities
- Have access to knowledge
- Have access to health
- Enjoy a decent standard of living

Question 19

human development index

Answer 19

a tool developed by the UN to measure and rank the level of social and economic development in countries
- uses a statistic between 0 and 1
- provides a single statistic based on 3 dimensions and 4 indicators

Question 20

advantages of HDI

Answer 20

• Takes more than just average income into account, providing a more comprehensive HDI
• Makes comparisons easier because a single statistic is provided for 3 dimensions and 4 indicators
• Effective for analysing progress made by countries over time
• Has captured the attention of media, raising awareness about human development

Question 21

disadvantages of HDI

Answer 21

• Still based on averages and therefore doesnt provide an indication of the inequalities present in a country
• No survey data is collected in HDI so peoples’ opinions arent taken into account
• Certain aspects of human development arent included or measured

Question 22

implications of global trends on h+wb

Answer 22

climate change
world trade and tourism
conflict and mass migration
digital technology

Question 23

Implications of climate change

Answer 23

• rising sea levels
• changing weather patterns
• extreme weather patterns

Question 24

implications of conflict and mass migration

Answer 24

• destruction of infrastructure
• migration
• injuries and loss of life

Question 25

implications of world trade and tourism

Answer 25

WORLD TRADE:
- environmental degradation
- exploitation of those in low and middle income countries
- increased economic growth
- increased employment
TOURISM:
- increased economic growth
- increased employment
- promotion of peace, security, and environmental protection
- strain on environment, infrastructure, and services

Question 26

implications of digital technology

Answer 26

• increased and more effective communication
• greater access to healthcare
• improved disaster preparedness
• privacy and safety concerns

Question 27

dimensions of HDI

Answer 27

a long and healthy life
knowledge
a decent standard of living

Question 28

indicators of HDI

Answer 28

life expectancy at birth
mean years of schooling
expected years of schooling
GNI per capita