hhd unit 4 aos 1 Flashcards
gross national income (per capita)
total value of the goods and services a country’s citizen produces, including the value of income earned by citizens who may be working in an overseas country
Country’s average income
economic characteristics of GNI
PORA
Poverty
Range of industries
Opportunities for global trade
Average incomes
environmental characteristics of GNI
AAFAA
Access to safe water and sanitation
Food security
Adequate housing
Adequate infrastructure
Access to safe working conditions
social characteristics of GNI
Birth rates and population growth
Gender equality
Employment
Education
Social security system
Health system
Access to technology
Legal system
History of colonisation
factors that contribute to BOD and health status
APIGS
- access to safe water
- sanitation
- poverty
- inequality and discrimination
- global distribution and marketing of tobacco, smoking
access to safe water
water isnt contaminated by disease causing pathogens
sanitation
safe removal of human waste
poverty
extreme poverty - living on less than $1.90 per day
relative poverty - living on less than 50% of the country’s average income
inequality and discrimination
exclusion based on race, sex, and religion
sex - obstetric fistula
global distribution and marketing of tobacco, smoking
increased distribution and marketing of these products in low and middle income countries
sustainability
involves meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
social sustainability
creating an adequate society that meets the needs of all citizens and can be maintained indefinitely
economic sustainability
ensuring that average incomes in all countries are adequate to sustain decent standards of living and continue to rise in line with inflation costs
environmental sustainability
relates to ensuring the natural environment and national resources are used in a way that will preserve them into the future
considerations of social sustainability
- gender equality
- access to safe and decent working conditions
- promotion of political and legal rights
- peace and security
considerations of economic sustainability
- innovation and diversity of industries
- job creation/employment
- economic growth
- trade
considerations of environmental sustainability
-biodiversity
- use of natural resources
- waste removal
- climate change
human development
Creating a supportive environment where people can:
- Develop to their full potential
- Lead productive and creative lives
- Participate in the lives of the community
- Expand and have choices
- Enhance their capabilities
- Have access to knowledge
- Have access to health
- Enjoy a decent standard of living
human development index
a tool developed by the UN to measure and rank the level of social and economic development in countries
- uses a statistic between 0 and 1
- provides a single statistic based on 3 dimensions and 4 indicators
advantages of HDI
- Takes more than just average income into account, providing a more comprehensive HDI
- Makes comparisons easier because a single statistic is provided for 3 dimensions and 4 indicators
- Effective for analysing progress made by countries over time
- Has captured the attention of media, raising awareness about human development
disadvantages of HDI
- Still based on averages and therefore doesnt provide an indication of the inequalities present in a country
- No survey data is collected in HDI so peoples’ opinions arent taken into account
- Certain aspects of human development arent included or measured
implications of global trends on h+wb
climate change
world trade and tourism
conflict and mass migration
digital technology
Implications of climate change
- rising sea levels
- changing weather patterns
- extreme weather patterns
implications of conflict and mass migration
- destruction of infrastructure
- migration
- injuries and loss of life
implications of world trade and tourism
WORLD TRADE:
- environmental degradation
- exploitation of those in low and middle income countries
- increased economic growth
- increased employment
TOURISM:
- increased economic growth
- increased employment
- promotion of peace, security, and environmental protection
- strain on environment, infrastructure, and services
implications of digital technology
- increased and more effective communication
- greater access to healthcare
- improved disaster preparedness
- privacy and safety concerns
dimensions of HDI
a long and healthy life
knowledge
a decent standard of living
indicators of HDI
life expectancy at birth
mean years of schooling
expected years of schooling
GNI per capita
