HHD SAC 4

Question 1

characteristics of high income countries

Answer 1

• availability of social support services such as social welfare
• higher levels of education attainment * lower population growth
• access to improved sanitation
• higher agricultural productivity
• improved food security
• access to healthcare
• improved infrastructure.

Question 2

characteristics of middle income countries

Answer 2

depends on their income: “lower income will be more closely linked to low income countries, whereas higher income will be more closely linked to high income countries”

Question 3

characteristics of low income countries

Answer 3

• a lack of social support such as welfare
• low levels of educational attainment
• high population growth
• poor access to improved sanitation
• lower agricultural productivity; lower levels of food security
• poor access to healthcare
• less infrastructure.

Question 4

similarities and difference in health status and BOD [high middle low income countries]

Answer 4

-Life expectancy [higher in high/middle income countries, lower in low income countries]
-Infant + U5 mortality rates [much higher in low income countries, lower in high/middle income countries]
-Maternal Mortality rates [higher in developing countries, lower in high//middle income countries]

Question 5

factors that contribute to similarities and differences in HS and BOD

Answer 5

-access to safe water
-sanitation
-poverty
-inequality and discrimination (race, religion, sex, sexual orientation and gender identity)
-global distribution and marketing of tobacco, alcohol and processed foods

Question 6

Dimensions of sustainability

Answer 6

Social:
* Social support systems
* High employment
* Sustainable birth rates
* Investing in education
* Development of healthcare
systems
* Increasing access to
technology
* Development of legal and
political systems
* Improving living standards
* Strong social justice

Environmental:
* Responsible development of infrastructure
* Responsible use of nonrenewable resources and energy
* Responsible agricultural productivity
* Reducing emissions

Economic:
* Managing debt
* Increasing incomes
* Increasing opportunities for
trade
* Building industry
* Increasing opportunities for
employment

Question 7

Implications of Global Trends

Answer 7

– climate change (rising sea levels, changing weather patterns and more extreme weather events)
– conflict and mass migration – increased world trade and tourism
- digital technologies that enable increased knowledge sharing.

Question 8

Human Development Index

Answer 8

The HDI is a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable and having a decent standard of living.

Question 9

Poverty

Answer 9

a state or condition in which one lacks the financial resources and essentials for a certain standard of living

Question 10

human development

Answer 10

The process of increasing the opportunities and freedoms that people have to develop to their full potential and lead productive, creative lives in accord with their needs and interests

Question 11

indicators of the HDI

Answer 11

-Life expectancy at birth
-GNI per capita (PPP$)
-Mean years of schooling
-Expected years of schooling

Question 12

Sustainability

Answer 12

“Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”

Question 13

Global marketing [Tobacco, Alcohol and Processed Foods]

Answer 13

Global marketing refers to the advertising and selling of goods and services across the world. Multinational companies are able to distribute their products into global markets through the reduction of barriers to trade and transport as the result of an interconnected world.

Question 14

Tobacco targets

Answer 14

Companies have moved their target away from high-income countries (because smoking rates have fallen in those nations)
to more vulnerable low- and middle-income countries in a move to increase sales and revenue.

Question 15

Developing Country + Characteristics

Answer 15

a country with a relatively low standard of living, undeveloped industrial base, and moderate to low Human Development Index (HDI).

• a lack of social support such as welfare
• low levels of educational attainment
• high population growth
• poor access to improved sanitation
• lower agricultural productivity; lower levels of food security
• poor access to healthcare
• less infrastructure.