HHD SAC 2 Flashcards
biological health factors
factors relating to the body that impact on health:
-genetics
-body weight
-blood cholesterol
-blood pressure
-birth weight
-glucose regulation
obesity
the carrying of excess bodyweight in the form of fat. a BMI of greater than 30 is considered obese.
hypertension
high blood pressure, contributes to kidney failure, heart attacks/stroke, restricted blood flow etc.
LDL (low-density lipoproteins)
released during high blood cholesterol, is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. it is a type of bad fat.
atherosclerosis
the build up of plaque caused by cholesterol resulting in hardening and loss of elasticity of blood vessels.
glucose
the preferred fuel source used for energy production in the cells. obtained from breaking down carbohydrates.
genetic predisposition
an increased risk to a particular condition due to their genetic makeup/genes
oestrogen
the key hormone needed for regulation of the menstrual cycle in women. maintains bone density in women
testosterone
the male sex hormone, reproduction functions and is a risk factor for agression and risky behaviours
risk factors for BLOOD CHOLESTEROL
-excess alcohol intake
-smoking
-lack of excercise
-genetic predisposition
-a diet high in saturated fats
risk factors for HYPERTENSION
-high body mass
-lack of physical activity
-stress
-smoking
-excessive alcohol consumption
-genetic predisposition
-poor diet
risk factors for GLUCOSE REGULATION
-stress
-pregnancy
-lack of excercise
-smoking
-being overweight
-a diet high in saturated fats
-high LDL cholesterol
-high blood pressure
-excessive alcohol consumption
risk factors for LOW BIRTH WEIGHT
-premature birth
-age of the mother
-the mothers nutritional status
-smoking/alcohol/drug use by the mother during pregnancy
-illness of mother during pregnancy
sociocultural health factors
the social and cultural conditions into which people are born, work, grow, live and age in.
dimensions of SOCIOCULTURAL factor
-access to healthcare
-socioeconomic status
-unemployment
-social connections/exclusion
-social isolation
-cultural influences
-food security
-early life experiences
social connections/isolation
connection has been associated with lower morbidity and increased life expectancy and isolation is referred to being in regular contact with others. isolation increases stress, suicide/self harm, substance abuse, mental health conditions.
environmental health factor
the physical surroundings in which we live work and play eg: housing, work environment, climate/climate change, geographic location, urban design and infrastructure
work environment
-UV exposure
-Accidents/injuries
-Exposure to hazardous substances (paint, gases)
urban design and infrastructure
-the features and structures of the suburbs and towns and cities in which people live
-geographical location of resources such as hospitals, schools, employment etc.
-sealed roads, public transport, internet connections, electricity, clean water facilities, traffic and road systems
KEY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN INDIGENOUS VS NON-INDIGENOUS
-1.2 times more likely to experience hypertension and impaired glucose regulation increasing diabetes and kidney disease
-Mothers are 2 times as likely to give birth to a low weight/premature baby (13.3% of births compared to 8% non-indigenous)
-4 times more likely to be unemployed than other australians often as a result of smoking and alcohol abuse and mental health problems
-Discrimination/racism has been associated with ill health and lower health status due to mental health problems
-Life expectancy is 10 years less than other Australians
-3x higher rates of psychological stress than non-indigenous
-Many live outside major cities, creating overcrowding, lack of healthcare access and unreliable water supply.
KEY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MALES VS FEMALES
