HHD SAC 3 Flashcards
public health
the organised response to by society to protect and promote health and prevent illness, injury or disease
examples of public health action
-improving water quality
-improving immunisation in the population
-campaigns to stop the spread of HIV/AIDS
-screening programs for breast cancer
-anti-smoking education campaigns
old public health
-focuses on the health of early settlement in Australia, from 1790s-1980’s
-aims to control infectious diseases and sanitary measures
-aims to improve the race (medical inspection programs)
-developing medicine in solving previous medical mysteries
-focuses on the individuals case in the new formed medical industry
biomedical model of health
focuses on the physical or biological aspects of disease and illness. it is a medical model of care practiced by doctors and health professionals and is associated with the diagnosis, cure and treatment of disease
advances in biomedicine
-diagnostic tools and equipment (x-rays)
-MRI and CT scanning
-blood testing
-pharmaceauticals to treat diseases
-medical procedures (organ transplants)
‘new’ public health
-referred to as the second revolution in public health that emerged 1970-present day. it involves a new healthcare system that was created as a result of increased awareness of lifestyle in affecting our health
-focuses on improving social, economic and physical environments in order to improve health and wellbeing
developments between old and new public health
-shifts the definition of health in being a positive term
-concerned with ALL threats to health as well as sustainability
-equity for all population groups is at the forefront
social model of health
A model in which improvements in health and wellbeing are achieved by directing effort towards addressing the social, economic and environmental determinants of health. The model is based on the understanding that in order for health gains to occur, social, economic and environmental determinants must be addressed.
AREAS principles (social model of health)
A - addresses the broader determinants of health
R - reduce social inequities
E - empowers individuals and communities
A - acts to enable access to healthcare
S - involves inter Sectorial collaboration (government and local collaboration)
ottawa charter for health promotion
An approach to health-promotion development by the WHO that attempts to reduce inequalities in health. The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion was developed from the social model of health and defines health promotion as ‘the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health’ The Ottawa Charter identifies three basic strategies for health promotion: enabling, mediating and advocacy.
Health Promotion definition
the process of enabling people to increase control over the factors of health and thereby improve their health.
Action areas for the Ottawa charter for health promotion
-Build healthy public policy
-Create supportive environments
-Strengthen community action
-Develop personal skills
-Reorient health service
strengths and limitations of biomedical model of health
enables surgery and life changing medication to be implemented for people that have a chronic illness or disease
helps approach it from a medical POV
is expensive and not necessarily affordable for everyone
strengths and limiations of social model of health
-helps to approach health from a lifestyle POV
-aims to fix lifestyle factors that may contribute to poor health
-seeks to achieve equality for all population groups
-is hard to make a one size fits all model
-may not be applicable to all population groups
-
relationship between biomedical and social models of health
they are both needed in order for health status to improve, neither can stand alone or work individually
people involved in Australia’s healthcare system
-doctors
-nurses
-specialists
-allied health professionals
-hospitals
-clinics
-research centres
-pharmaceutical companies
-private health companies
Schedule fee vs Gap fee
Schedule fee: what the government is willing to pay the doctor for a service and therefore what they should charge
Gap fee: what the doctor may charge more than or less than the set schedule fee, therefore creating a “gap” between the two costs for the patient.
Medicare levy and levy surcharge
Levy: most taxpayers pay this fee in addition to GP fees to help sustain Medicare
Levy Surcharge: once you have gone over the Medicare Levy Surcharge threshold you and dont have private health insurance you must pay an additional amount
Medicare explained
-Australia’s universal healthcare system implemented in 1984
-Aims to provide access to adequate healthcare at little or no cost to all Australians regardless of their age or income
-It is funded by the federal government partially through general taxes and medicare levy fee
Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS)
-aims to subsidise the cost of a wide range of over 5000 prescription medications
-provides people with vital medications at affordable prices (especially if it is a repeating script)
-most medications are covered but not all
Private Health Insurance
-is an additional premium that covers the cost of additional services not covered by medicare such as dental care and physiotherapy etc.
-helps contribute to the healthcare system by covering some costs associated with hospital treatments
-is funded by the members who pay for it
The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS)
-funded by the commonwealth government
-helps to fund or subsidise costs for disabled people and the carers that look after them (costs of equipment, in home carers, appointments etc)
how the healthcare system promotes health
-Sustainability: ensuring that the healthcare system can be sustained for future generations
-Access: ensuring healthcare services are financially, socially and geographically accessible
-Equity: ensuring those who need it most have access to the services that they need (disabled people etc)
intiatives to promote Indigenous health and wellbeing
› The Close the Gap campaign
› Tackling Indigenous Smoking (TIS)
› The National Tobacco Campaign
› Aboriginal Quitline
› Deadly Choices
› Red Dust Healing
› Aboriginal Road to Good Health.
