HGE TERMS Flashcards
ez perfect to
1
Q
A flow in which the velocity of the fluid at a particular fixed point does not change?
A
Steady
2
Q
A component of rock or soil which is independent of interparticle friction?
A. Adhesion
B. Cohesion
C. Plasticity
D. Skin Friction
A
B. Cohesion
3
Q
A phenomenon in which the strength and stiffness of a soil is reduced by earthquake shaking or raid loading.
A
Liquefaction
4
Q
A pile of sand keeps from spreading out like a liquid because the weight of the sand keeps the grains stuck together in their current arrangement, mostly out of static friction. The weight and pressure is called ______.
A
Effective Stress
5
Q
Which of the following is not a soil component?
A. Organic materials
B. Minerals
C. Gas
D. None of these
A
C. Gas
6
Q
According to USCS, what do you call a soil grain with grain size greater than 4.75 mm but less than 75 mm?
A
Gravel
7
Q
Which of the following does not affect the settlement of the soil?
A. Location of GWT
B. Depth of backfill
C. Plasticity of the soil
D. None of these
A
D. None of these
8
Q
A line joining the points of highest elevation of water in a series of vertical open pipes rising from a pipeline in which water flows under pressure is referred to as:
A
Hydraulic Gradient
9
Q
The pressure exerted onto a liquid is transmitted equally and undiminished to all portions of the liquid. This principle in fluid mechanics is known as:
A
Pascals
10
Q
In any stream flowing steadily without friction the total energy contained is the same at every points in its flow. This principle is attributed to:
A
Bernoulli
11
Q
What is the largest grain size that may pass through a no. 200 sieve?
A
0.074 mm
12
Q
Which of the following is not a characteristic of cohesive soil?
A. Possess low shear strength
B. Practically permeable
C. Plastic and compressible
D. Decrease shear strength when disturbed
A
A. Possess low shear strength
13
Q
When the path lines of the individual particles of a flowing liquid are irregular curves and continually cross each other and form a complicated network, the flow is called:
A. Uniform
B. Laminar
C. Continuous
D. Turbulent
A
D. Turbulent
13
Q
Volume change in saturated soils caused by the expulsion of pore water from loading?
A. Initial Consolidation
B. Primary Consolidation
C. Secondary Consolidation
D. None of the above
A
B. Primary Consolidation
13
Q
According to NSCP, cut and fill slopes must not be steeper than:
A. 1 to 3
B. 1 to 1
C. 1 to 5
D. 1 to 2
A
D. 1 to 2
13
Q
A decrease in water content results in a reduction of the volume of soil in:
A. Liquid state
B. Plastic state
C. Semi-solid state
D. All of these
A
D. All of these
13
Q
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a cohesionless soil?
A. Easy to compact
B. High shear strength
C. Prone to settlement due to vibrating load
D. Practically impermeable
A
D. Practically impermeable
13
Q
In accordance with the USCS, a soil having a size greater than No. 200 sieve opening (0.074) but less than that of a No. 4 sieve (4.75 mm opening) called:
A
Sand
14
Q
In standard penetration test, medium dense sand have number of blows of:
A. 4 to 10
B. 10 to 30
C. 30 to 50
D. over 50
A
B. 10 to 30
15
Q
Type of flow where the flow rate does not change over time.
A. Continuous Flow
B. Laminar Flow
C. Steady Flow
D. Uniform Flow
A
C. Steady Flow
15
Q
The best hydraulic cross-section for a trapezoidal channel of base width b is one for which the length of the side edge of the flow section is:
A. b
B. b.2
C. 2b
D. sqrt(3)*b
A
A. b
15
Q
The admixture of coarser particles like sand or silt to clay causes:
A. Decrease in liquid limit and increase in plasticity index
B. Decrease in liquid limit and no change in plasticity index
C. Decrease in both liquid limit and plasticity index
D. Increase in both liquid limit and plasticity index
A
C. Decrease in both liquid limit and plasticity index
16
Q
Type of flow where the mean velocity of flow for a given length or reach is the same at every cross-section.
A. Continuous flow
B. Laminar flow
C. Steady Flow
D. Uniform Flow
A
D. Uniform flow
17
Q
Uninterrupted flow in a fluid near a solid boundary in which the direction of flow at every point remains constant:
A. Continuous flow
B. Laminar flow
C. Steady flow
D. Uniform flow
A
B. Laminar flow
18
Type of flow where at any time, the discharge or flow rate at every section of the stream is the same:
A. Continuous flow
B. Steady flow
C. Critical flow
D. Uniform flow
A. Continous flow
19
Type of flow in which, for a fixed rate of flow, the specific energy is minimum:
Critical flow
20
Type of flow in which the fluid particles rotate about their own axis while flowing along the streamlined:
A. Rotational flow
B. Steady flow
C. Irrotational flow
D. Incompressible flow
A. Rotational flow
21
Which is true for porosity?
A. 0 < n < 100
B. 0 <= n <= 100
C. c <= n
D. 0 < n
A. 0 < n < 100
22
Which is true for void ratio?
A. 0 < e < 100
B. 0 <= e <= 100
C. c <= e
D. 0 < e
D. 0 < e
23
Which is true for degree of saturation?
A. 0 < S < 100
B. 0 <= S <= 100
C. c <= S
D. 0 < S
B. 0 <= S <= 100
24
When the seepage pressure becomes equal to the pressure due to the submerged weight of the soil, the effective pressure is reduced to zero and the soil particles have a tendency to move up in the direction of flow. This phenomenon is called:
A. Quicksand condition
B. Boiling condition
C. Quick sand
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
25
What is soil in civil engineering?
A. The material in a relatively thin surface zone within roots occur
B. The unaggregated and uncemented deposits of minerals and organic particles covering the earth's surface
C. The substance existing on the earth's surface, which grows and develops plants
D. None of the above
B. The unaggregated and uncemented deposits of minerals and organic particles covering the earth's surface
26
Where is the metacenter for stable equilibrium?
A. above the center of gravity
B. at the center of gravity
C. below the center of gravity
D. one half of the total draft
A. above the center of gravity
27
When the metacenter of a floating body is lower than the center of gravity, then the body will be in?
A. unstable equilibrium
B. stable equilibrium
C. neutral equilibrium
D. none of the above
B. unstable equilibrium
28
The metacentric height is the distance between the:
A. center of gravity of the floating body and the center of buoyancy
B. center of gravity of the floating body and the metacenter
C. metacenter and the center of buoyancy
D. original center of buoyancy and the new center of buoyancy
B. center of gravity of the floating body and the metacenter
29
The vena contracta of a circular orifice is approximately _____ diameter downstream from the inner face of the orifice plate.
A. 1/2
B. 1.3
C. 1/4
D. 2/3
A. 1/2
30
When the ship's metacenter and center of gravity coincide at same point then the vessel is said to be in:
A. unstable equilibrium
B. stable equilibrium
C. neutral equilibrium
D. none of the above
C. neutral equilibrium
31
An index used to identify the swelling potential of clay soils is called:
A. Plasticity Index
B. Liquidity Index
C. Consistency Index
D. Activity
D. Activity
32
The average coefficient of permeability of natural deposits:
A. Parallel to stratification is always greater than that perpendicular to stratification
B. Parallel to stratification is always less than that perpendicular to stratification
C. Is always same in both directions
D. Parallel to stratification may or may not be greater than that perpendicular to stratification
A. Parallel to stratification is always greater than that perpendicular to stratification
33
Rise of water table above the ground surface causes:
A. Equal increase in pore water pressure and total stress
B. Equal decrease in pore water pressure and total stress
C. Increase in pore water pressure pressure but decrease in total stress
D. Decrease in pore water pressure but increase in total stress
A. Equal increase in pore water pressure and total stress
34
The shear strength of a soil:
A. Is directly proportional to the angle of internal friction of the soil
B. Is inversely proportional to the angle of internal friction of the soil
C. Decreases with increase in normal stress
D. Decrease with decrease in normal stress
D. Decrease with decrease in normal stress
35
The coefficient of compressibility of soil, is the ratio of:
A. Stress to strain
B. Strain to stress
C. Stress to settlement
D. Rate of loading to that of settlement
B. Strain to stress
36
The fraction of soils passing which sieve number is used for Atterberg Limits of soils:
A. 60
B. 30
C. 50
D. 40
D. 40
37
Coefficient of consolidation of a soil is affected by:
A. Compressibility
B. Permeability
C. Both compressibility and permeability
D. None
C. Both compressibility and permeability
38
If the sand in-situ in its densest state, then the relative density of sand is:
A. Zero
B. 1
C. Between 0 and 1
D. Greater than 1
B. 1
39
Accurate determination of water content, is made by:
A. Buckling concrete method
B. Sand bath method
C. Andei DK bath method
D. Oven-drying method
D. Oven-drying method
40
A cohesive soil deposit is considered stiff if the unconfined compression strength, in kPa, is between
A. 0 to 25
B. 50 to 100
C. 100 to 200
D. 25 to 50
C. 100 to 200
41
A cohesive soil deposit is considered soft if the unconfined compression strength, in kPa, is between
A. 0 to 25
B. 50 to 100
C. 100 to 200
D. 25 to 50
D. 25 to 50
42
A cohesive soil deposit is considered very soft if the unconfined compression strength, in kPa, is between
A. 0 to 25
B. 50 to 100
C. 100 to 200
D. 25 to 50
A. 0 to 25
43
The volume of a gas at constant temperature varies inversely as the pressure applied to the gas. This principle is attributed to:
A. Boyle
B. Pascal
C. Archimedes
D. Bernoulli
A. Boyle
44
A theorem in fluid dynamics relates the speed of flowing out of an orifice to the height of fluid above the opening.
A. Archimedes
B. Pascal
C. Torricelli
D. Bernoulli
C. Torricelli
45
The horizontal to vertical side slope in case of Cipolletti weir?
A. 1:1
B. 1:4
C. 1:2
D. 4:1
B. 1:4
46
If cohesion between molecules of a fluid
is greater than adhesion between fluid
and glass, then the free level of fluid
in a dipped glass tube will be
A. Higher than the surface of liquid
B. The same as the surface of liquid
C. Lower than the surface of liquid
D. Unpredictable
C. Lower than the surface of the liquid
47
Falling drops of water become spheres
due to
Surface tension
48
An instrument mainly used in measuring
the discharge through pipes.
Venturi meter
49
A bent (L-shaped or U-shaped) with both
ends open and is used to measure the velocity
of fluid flow or velocity of air flow as used
in airplane speedometer.
Pitot tube
50
They are used to measure pressure heads
in pipes where the liquid is in motion.
Piezometer
51
The locus of elevations to which liquid
successive piezometer tubes to any
selected datum is known as.
Hydraulic gradient
52
Fluid is a substance that
A. cannot be subjected to shear forces
B. always expand until it fills any container
C. has the same shear stress at a point regardless of its motion
D. cannot remain at rest under action of any shear force
D. cannot remain at rest under action of any shear force
53
Specific weight of sea water is more that of pure water because it contains
A. dissolved air
B. dissolved salt
C. suspended matter
D. all of the above
D. all of the above
54
Barometer is used to measure:
A. pressure in pipes or channels
B. atmospheric pressure
C. very low pressure
D. difference of pressure between two points
B. atmospheric pressure
55
Manometer is used to measure:
A. pressure in pipes, channels
B. atmospheric pressure
C. very low pressure
D. velocity in pipes
A. pressure in pipes, channels
56
Mercury is often used in barometer:
A. it is the best liquid
B. the height of barometer will be less
C. its vapor pressure is so low that it may be neglected
D both b and c
D. both b and c
57
In a vertically submerged plane surface, pressure at every point remains same
True or False
False
58
59
When a body floating in a liquid, is displaced slightly, it oscillates about
A. cg of body
B. center of pressure
C. center of buoyancy
D. metacenter
metacenter
60
Hydraulic gradient line takes into consideration
A. potential and kinetic heads only
B. potential and pressure heads only
C. kinetic and pressure heads only
D. potential, kinetic, and pressure heads
B. potential and pressure heads only
61
Minor losses do not make any serious effect in:
A. short pipes
B. long pipes
C. both the short as well as long pipes
D. cannot say
B. long pipes
62
The ratio of inertia of force and gravitational force is called as:
Froude's number
63
What is the depth of flow in case most economical circular section considering maximum velocity?
A. 0.61D
B. 0.71D
C. 0.81D
D. 0.91D
C. 0.81D
64
When a tube of smaller diameter is dipped in water, the water rises in the tube with an upward ______ surface.
A. concave
B. convex
C. plane
D. none of these
A. concave
65
The tendency of a liquid surface to contract is due to the following property:
A. cohesion
B. adhesion
C. viscosity
D. surface tension
D. surface tension
66
The pressure measured with the help of pressure gauge is called:
A. atmospheric pressure
B. gauge pressure
C. absolute pressure
D. mean pressure
B. gauge pressure
67
Capillary action is due to the:
A. surface tension
B. cohesion of the liquid
C. adhesion of the liquid molecules and the molecules on the surface of a solid
D. all of the above
D. all of the above
68
The hydraulic gradient lines lies over the center like of the pipe by an amount equal to the:
A. pressure head
B. velocity head
C. pressure head + velocity head
D. pressure head - velocity head
A. pressure head
69
Dispersed type of soil structure is an arrangement comprising particles having:
A. Face to face or parallel orientation
B. Edge to edge orientation
C. Edge to face orientation
D. All of the above
A. Face to face or parallel orientation
70
The soil moisture driven off by heat, is called:
Hydroscopic water
71
Residual soils are formed by:
A. glaciers
B. Wind
C. Water
D. none of the above
D. none of the above
72
"Talus" is the soil transported by:
A. Wind
B. Water
C. Glacier
D. Gravitational force
D. Gravitational force
73
Chemical weathering of soil is caused due to:
A. Oxidation
B. Carbonation
C. Hydration
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
74
Which of the following types of soil is transported by gravitational forces:
A. Loess
B. Talus
C. Drift
D. Dune sand
B. Talus
75
Geologic cycle for the formation of soil is:
A. upheaval - transportation - deposition - weathering
B. weathering - upheaval - transportation - deposition
C. transportation - upheaval - weathering - deposition
D. weathering - transportation - deposition - upheaval
D. weathering - transportation - deposition - upheaval
76
The inventor of the term soil mechanics, was
A. Kayro
B. Dr. Karl Terzhagi
C. Leygue
D. Fellenius
B. Dr. Karl Terzhagi
77
Water formed transported soil is:
A. alluvial
B. marine
C. lacustrine
D. loess
A. alluvial
78
"Drift" is the material picked up, mixed, disintegrated, transported and redeposited by:
A. Wind
B. Gravitational water
C. Glaciated water
C. All of the above
C. Glaciated water
79
"Loess" is silty clay formed by the action of:
A. water
B. glacier
C. wind
D. gravitational force
C. wind
80
Pick up the correct statement from the following:
A. the rise of the ground surface due to frost action is called frost heave
B. the freezing of water is accompanied by a volume increase of 9%
C. below freezing point, higher soil suction develops
D. all of the above
D. all of the above
81
Transporting and re-depositing soils, is done by
A. water
B. glacier
C. gravity
D. all of the above
D. all of the above
82
Pick up the correct statement from the following;
A. soil is the substance existing one the earth's surface, which grows and develop plants
B. soil is the material in a relatively thin surface zone within which roots occur, and rest of the crust is termed as rock irrespective of hardness
C. soil is the unaggregated and uncemented deposits of minerals and organic particles covering the earth's crust
D. all of the above
D. all of the above
83
Buoyant unit weight equals the saturated density:
A. multiplied by unit weight of water
B. divided by unit weight of water
C. plus unit weight of water
D. minus unit weight of water
D. minus unit weight of water
84
You are given a sample soil containing coarse grains to determine its water content, you will use:
A. pycnometer
B. oven-drying method
C. calcium carbide method
D. alcohol method
A. pycnometer
85
When the degree of saturation is zero, the soil mass under consideration represents
A. one phase system
B. two phase system with soil and air
C. two phase system with soil and water
D. three phase system
B. two phase system with soil and air
86
For proper field control, which of the following methods is best suited for quick determination of water content of a soil mass?
A. oven drying method
B. sand bath method
C. alcohol method
D. calcium carbide method
D. calcium carbide method
87
A fully saturated soil is said to be:
A. one phase system
B. two phase system with soil and air
C. two phase system with soil and water
D. three phase system
C. two phase system with soil and water
88
The pycnometer is used to determine
A. voids ratio
B. dry density
C. water content
D. density index
C. water content
89
The specific yield of soil depends upon
A. compaction of stratum
B. distribution of pores
C. shape and size of particles
D. all of the above
D. all of the above
90
Sedimentation analysis is based on the assumption:
A. soil particles are spherical
B. particles settle independent of other particles
C. walls of the jar do not effect the settlement
D. all of the above
D. all of the above
91
The hydrometer method of sedimentation analysis differs from the pipette analysis mainly in:
A. the principle of test
B. the method of taking observations
C. the method of preparation of soil suspension
D. all of the above
B. the method of taking observations
92
A partially saturated soil is classified as
A. one phase soil
B. two phase soil
C. three phase soil
D. four phase soil
C. three phase soil
93
Pick up the correct statement from the following:
A. in hydrometer method, weight Wd per ml of suspension is found directly
B. in pipette analysis, weight Wd per ml of suspension is found indirectly
C. in pipette analysis, weight Wd per ml of suspension is found directly
D. none of these
C. in pipette analysis, weight Wd per ml of suspension is found directly
94
The specific gravity of quartz, is
A. 2.65
B. 2.72
C. 2.85
D. 2.9
A. 2.65
95
In hydrometer analysis for a soil mass
A. both meniscus correction and dispersing agent correction are additive
B. both meniscus correction and dispersing agent correction are subtractive
C. meniscus correction is additive and dispersing agent correction is subtractive
D. meniscus correction is subtractive and dispersing agent correction is additive
C. meniscus correction is additive and dispersing agent correction is subtractive
96
Determination of water content of a soil method sample suspected to contain gypsum is made by drying the sample for longer period at a temperature not more than:
A. 60 deg C
B. 80 deg C
C. 100 deg C
D. 110 deg C
B. 80 deg C
97
The specific gravity of sands, is approximately
A. 1.6
B. 2.0
C. 2.2
D. 2.6
D. 2.6
98
Pick up the correct statement from the following:
A. the dry density reduces by addition of water after attaining optimum moisture content
B. the line joining the peak of three moisture content graphs obtained by using three compactive energies, is called line of optimus
D. all of the above
D. all of the above
99
Hydrometer readings are corrected for:
A. temperature correction
B. meniscus correction
C. dispersing agent correction
D. temperature, meniscus and dispersing agent corrections
D. temperature, meniscus and dispersing agent corrections
100
With the increase in the amount of compaction energy
A. optimum water content increases
B. optimum water content decreases but maximum dry density increases
C. both optimum water content and maximum dry density increases
D. both optimum water content and maximum dry density decrease
B. optimum water content decreases but maximum dry density increases
101
The density of soil can be increased;
A. by reducing the space occupied by air
B. by elastic compression of soil grains
C. by expelling water from pores
D. all of the above
D. all of the above
102
Select the correct range of density index, ID
A. ID > 0
B. ID < 0
C. 0 < ID < 1
D. 0 < ID < 1
D. 0 < ID < 1
103
The ratio of emax and emin silty sand,
A. 2.0
B. 2.5
C. 3.0
D. 3.5
C. 3.0
103
Which of the following is a measure of particle size range?
A. effective size
B. uniformity coefficient
C. coefficient of curvature
D. none of the above
B. uniformity coefficient
104
For better strength and stability, the fine grained soils and coarse grained soils are compacted respectively as
A. dry of OMC and wet of OMC
B. wet of OMC and dry of OMC
C. wet of OMC and wet of OMC
D. dry of OMC and dry of OMC
B. wet of OMC and dry of OMC
105
The factor which affects the compaction, is
A. moisture content
B. compacting content
C. method of compaction
D. all of the above
D. all of the above
106
Uniformity coefficient of a soil is
A. always less than 1
B. always equal to 1
C. equal to or less than 1
D. equal to or greater than 1
D. equal to or greater than 1
107
Relative density of a compacted dense sand is approximately equal to
A. 0.4
B. 0,6
C. 0.95
D. 1.2
C. 0.95
108
Coarse grained soils are best compacted by a
A. drum roller
B. rubber tyred roller
C. sheep's foot roller
D. vibratory roller
D. vibratory roller
109
The coefficient of curvature for a well graded soil, must be between
A. 0.5 to 1.0
B. 1.0 to 3.0
C. 3.0 to 4.0
D. 4.0 to 5.0
B. 1.0 to 3.0
110
The water content of soil, which represents the boundary between plastic state and liquid state, is known as
A. liquid limit
B. plastic limit
C. shrinkage limit
D. plasticity index
A. liquid limit
111
When the plastic limit of a soil is greater than the liquid limit, then the plasticity index is reported as
A. negative
B. zero
C. non-plastic
D. 1
B. zero
112
The liquid limit and plastic limit
A. sandy soils
B. silty soils
C. gravel soils
D. clay soils
D. clay soils
113
Soil classification of composite soils, exclusively based on the particle size distribution, is known
A. particle classification
B. textural classification
C. AASHTO classification
D. Unified soil classification
B. textural classification
114
Maximum size of clay particles is:
A. 0.002 mm
B. 0.04 mm
C. 0.06 mm
D. 0.08 mm
A. 0.002 mm
115
Stoke's law is valid only if the size of particle is
A. less than 0.002 mm
B. greater than 0.2 mm
C. between 0.2 mm and 0.002 mm
D. all of the above
C. between 0.2 mm and 0.002 mm
116
The phreatic line in an earth dam may
A. circular
B. elliptical
C. parabolic
D. a straight line
C. parabolic
117
Darcy's law is applicable to seepage if a soil is
A. homogenous
B. isotropic
C. incompressible
D. all of the above
D. all of the above
118
The Westergaard analysis is used for
A. sandy soils
B. cohesive soils
C. stratified soils
D. clayey soils
C. stratified soils
119
