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BOARD EXAM > CONSTRUCTION TERMS > Flashcards

CONSTRUCTION TERMS Flashcards

1
Q

It may refer to
the contractual arrangement under which
a firm supplies construction management
services to an owner.

A

Construction Management

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2
Q

includes such
activities as specification
development, process control, product
acceptance, laboratory and technician
certification, training, and
communication.

A

Quality management

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3
Q

is primarily
concerned with the process control
function.

A

Quality control (QC)

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4
Q

is the process of moving
soil or rock from one location to
another and processing it so that it
meets construction requirements of
location, elevation, density, moisture
content, and so on.

A

Earthmoving

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5
Q

is the ability of a
soil to support the weight of vehicles
under repeated traffic.

A

Trafficability

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6
Q

is a measure of the
difficulty in excavating and loading a
soil.

A

Loadability

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7
Q

is the bucket
volume contained within the bucket when
following the outline of the bucket
sides.

A

Plate line capacity

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8
Q

is the bucket capacity
when the load is struck off flush with
the bucket sides.

A

Struck capacity

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9
Q

assumes a level of
material flush with the lowest edge of
the bucket.

A

Water line capacity

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10
Q

is the maximum volume
that can be placed in the bucket
without spillage based on a specified
angle of repose for the material in the
bucket.

A

Heaped volume

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11
Q

is a very versatile
machine that has the longest reach for
digging and dumping of any member of
the crane shovel family.

A

dragline

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12
Q

are primarily used for lifting,
lowering, and transporting loads. They
move loads horizontally by swinging or
traveling

A

Cranes

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13
Q

represents that
component of vehicle weight which acts
parallel to an inclined surface.

A

Grade resistance

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14
Q

is primarily due to
tire flexing and penetration of the
travel surface

A

Rolling resistance

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15
Q

represents those components
of cycle time other than travel time.

A

Fixed time

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16
Q

represents the travel
time required for a unit to haul
material to the unloading site and
return

A

Variable time

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17
Q

is the process of increasing
the density of a soil by mechanically
forcing the soil particles closer
together, thereby expelling air from
the void spaces in the soil.

A

Compaction

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18
Q

is the process of bringing
earthwork to the desired shape and
elevation (or grade).

A

Grading

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19
Q

involves smoothing slopes, shaping
ditches, and bringing the earthwork to
the elevation required by the plans and
specification.

A

Finish grading

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20
Q

is concrete used in a
structure such as a dam in which the
weight of the concrete provides most of
the strength of the structure.

A

Mass concrete

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21
Q

is concrete that is
suitable for high temperature
applications such as boilers and
furnaces.

A

Refractory concrete

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22
Q

is concrete that has
been cast into the desired shape prior
to placement in a structure.

A

Precast concrete

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23
Q

is concrete that
will be exposed to view and therefore
utilizes special shapes, designs, or
surface finishes to achieve the desired
architectural effect.

A

Architectural concrete

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24
Q

is a general-purpose cement suitable for all normal
applications.

A

Type I (normal) portland cement

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25
Q

provides better
resistance to alkali attack and
produces less heat of hydration
than does Type I cement.

A

Type II (modified/moderate)
portland cement

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26
Q

provides 190% of Type I
strength after 1 day of curing.
It also produces about 150% of the
heat of hydration of normal cement
during the first 7 days.

A

Type III (high early strength)
cement

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27
Q

produces
only 40–60% of the heat produced
by Type I cement during the first
7 days. However, its strength is
only 55% of that of normal cement
after 7 days.

A

Type IV (low heat) cement

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28
Q

provides maximum resistance to
alkali attack.

A

Type V (sulfate-resistant) cement

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29
Q

is used in concrete to reduce
the cost of the mix and to reduce
shrinkage.

A

Aggregate

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30
Q

is required in the concrete mix
for several purposes. Principal among
these is to provide the moisture
required for hydration of the cement to
take place.

A

Water

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31
Q

is the chemical reaction
between cement and water which produces
hardened cement. The heat that is
produced by this reaction is referred
to as heat of hydration.

A

Hydration

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32
Q

normally used range
from about 0.40 to 0.70 by weight.

A

Water/cement ratios

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33
Q

has
significantly increased resistance to
freezing and thawing as well as to
scaling caused by the use of deicing
chemicals.

A

Air-entrained concrete

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34
Q

increase the
slump or workability of a concrete mix.
Thus, with a water-reducing agent the
amount of water in the mix may be
reduced without changing the concrete’s
consistency.

A

Water-reducing agents

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35
Q

slow the rate of hardening of
concrete.

A

Retarders

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36
Q

act in the opposite manner
to retarders. That is, they decrease
setting time and increase the early
strength of concrete.

A

Accelerators

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37
Q

are used to reduce the heat
of hydration, increase the workability,
and reduce the segregation of a mix.

A

Pozzolans

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38
Q

increase the workability of a mix.

A

Workability agents or plasticizers

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39
Q

are
truck-mounted concrete mixers capable
of mixing and transporting concrete.
The product they deliver is referred to
as ready-mixed concrete.

A

Truck mixers or transit mix trucks

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40
Q

consists of gravel,
crushed stone, or another suitable
material larger than 1⁄4 in. (6.4 mm) in
diameter.

A

Coarse aggregate

41
Q

are materials other than
portland cement, aggregates, and water
that are added to concrete either
immediately before or during its mixing
to alter the properties of the concrete
in a variety of ways. For example, they
can be used to:
* Improve workability
* Reduce separation of coarse and
fine aggregates due to settling
out of the heavier coarse
aggregate
* Entrain air
* Accelerate or retard setting and
hardening

A

Admixtures

42
Q

permit a
lower water content, improve
workability, and increase the
efficiency of the portland cement in a
mix, which lowers a concrete’s cost
relative to its performance.

A

Water-reducing admixtures

43
Q

are mostly used in
concrete that is to be pumped. They
produce a mix that flows easily, with
no increase in its water content.

A

High-range water-reducing admixtures
(super plasticizers)

44
Q

admixtures that have a
retarding effect on the set of portland
cement overcome the accelerating effect
that temperature has on setting during
hot weather and in large masses of
concrete, and delay the early
stiffening of concrete placed under
difficult conditions.

A

Retarders

45
Q

are made by building a
large section of form, as described
earlier for centering, and supporting
the entire section on deep steel
trusses.

A

Flying forms

46
Q

is a method of
continuously moving a form for vertical
structures, such as elevator or stair
shafts, upward on jacks as new concrete
is placed on top of the old.

A

Slip forming

47
Q

are rubber or vinyl inserts
designed to be placed in concrete
joints to prevent water from
penetrating the joint.

A

Waterstops

48
Q

are
often necessary to separate concrete
sections and prevent the bonding of one
concrete section with another, or to
separate a concrete section from
another material or structural part so
that one can move independently of the
other.

A

Isolation and separation joints

49
Q

is one that is
readily molded and yet will change its
form only slowly if the mold is
removed.

A

plastic concrete

50
Q

is pneumatically placed
concrete, used primarily for swimming
pools and other in-ground and
aboveground free-form structures and
for repairing damaged concrete.

A

Shotcrete

51
Q

is the bringing of a concrete
surface to true grade with enough
mortar to produce the desired finish.

A

Leveling

52
Q

rounds off the formed edge of a
slab to prevent chipping or damage.

A

Edging

53
Q

Except when joints will be
later sawed, immediately following or
during edging, premolded inserts are
placed in concrete slabs to control
cracking in the concrete as a result of
shrinkage.

A

Jointing

54
Q

Steel-troweled
concrete surfaces are very smooth and
become slippery when wet. They can be
slightly roughened to produce a nonslip
surface by brushing or brooming them.

A

Broom Finishing

55
Q

is the breaking away of the
hardened concrete surface of a slab to
a depth of about 1/6 to 3/16 in. (1.6
to 4.8 mm). It usually occurs at an
early age of the slab.

A

Scaling

56
Q

is the occurrence of numerous
fine hair cracks in the surface of a
newly hardened slab due to surface
shrinkage.

A

Crazing

57
Q

is the appearance of a powdery
material on the surface of a newly
hardened concrete slab.

A

Dusting

58
Q

which is liquid at
room temperature, is created when
petroleum distillates are mixed with
asphalt cement.

A

Asphalt cutback,

59
Q

contain particles of
asphalt dispersed in water by means of
emulsifying agents.

A

Asphalt emulsions

60
Q

is the
temperature at which it produces
sufficient vapor to ignite in the
presence of air and an open flame.

A

flash point

61
Q

is a substance
applied to an unpaved surface to reduce
the amount of dust produced by
vehicular traffic and wind.

A

dust palliative

62
Q

is a light application of a
slow-setting asphalt emulsion diluted
by one to three parts of water.

A

fog seal

63
Q

is composed of
a mixture of slow-setting asphalt
emulsion, fine aggregate, mineral
filler, and water.

A

sand seal

64
Q

is composed of a light
application of a medium-viscosity
liquid asphalt covered with fine
aggregates.

A

sand seal

65
Q

consists of the demolition of
old pavement, recrushing of the
pavement material, and reusing it in
new asphalt or concrete mixes.

A

Recycling

66
Q

of a structure supports
the weight of the structure and its
applied loads.

A

foundation

67
Q

is nothing more than sheeting
placed horizontally.

A

Lagging

68
Q

is sheeting of concrete,
steel, or timber that is designed to be
driven by a pile driver.

A

Sheet piling

69
Q

are wellpoints that are
sealed at the surface by placing a ring
of bentonite or clay around the well
casing.

A

Vacuum wells

70
Q

is the process of
accelerating the flow of water through
a soil by the application of a direct
current.

A

Electroosmosis

71
Q

is the
process of injecting a grouting agent
into soil or rock to increase its
strength or stability, protect
foundations, or reduce groundwater
flow.

A

Grouting or pressure grouting

72
Q

Slabs may be supported
directly by columns without the use of
beams or joists.

A

Flat Slabs.

73
Q

uses only stretcher
courses with head joints centered over
stretchers in the course below.

A

Running bond

74
Q

uses a header course
repeated at regular intervals; usually
every fifth, sixth, or seventh course.

A

Common bond

75
Q

alternates stretchers and
headers in each course with headers
centered over stretchers in the course
below.

A

Flemish bond

76
Q

is made up of alternate
courses of headers and stretchers, with
headers centered on stretchers.

A

English bond

77
Q

provides no interlocking
between adjacent masonry units and is
used for its architectural effect.

A

Stack bond

78
Q

in masonry
walls are used to permit differential
movement of wall sections caused by
shrinkage of concrete foundations and
floor slabs, temperature and moisture
changes, and foundation settlement.

A

Expansion or control joints

79
Q

consists of layers of
impervious material used to seal out
moisture or to direct any moisture that
does penetrate back to the outside.

A

Flashing

80
Q

guarantees
completion of the project as described
in the contract documents.

A

performance bond

81
Q

guarantees that a contractor
will provide the required performance
and payment bonds if awarded the
contract.

A

payment bond

82
Q

guarantees the payment
of subcontractors, laborers, and
suppliers by the contractor.

A

payment bond

83
Q

are contracts between a
prime contractor and secondary
contractors or suppliers.

A

Subcontracts

84
Q

is one
negotiated between an owner and a
construction firm.

A

negotiated contract,

85
Q

provides a specified
payment for completion of the work
described in the contract documents.

A

Lump-sum contract

86
Q

specify the amount
to be paid for each unit of work but
not the total contract amount.

A

Unit-price contracts

87
Q

contain a provision whereby the
contract value is adjusted according to
a specified price index.

A

Fixed price with escalation contracts

88
Q

of cost contract
pays the contractor a fee that is a
percentage of the project’s actual
cost.

A

cost plus percentage

89
Q

contain those
contract provisions applicable to most construction contracts written by the
owner.

A

General Conditions

90
Q

contain any
additional contract provisions
applicable to the specific project.

A

Special Conditions

91
Q

is the analysis of a
design with the objective of
accomplishing the required function at
a lower cost.

A

Value engineering

92
Q

in the
contract may be used to simplify the
process of establishing the amount of
damages resulting from late completion.

A

liquidated damages clause

93
Q

are drawings, charts, and
other data prepared by a contractor or
supplier which describe the detailed
characteristics of equipment or show
how specific structural elements or
items of equipment are to be fabricated
and installed.

A

Shop drawings

94
Q

The usual construction contract
contains a clause authorizing the owner
or owner’s representative to order
changes to the project within the
general scope of the contract. The
document directing such a change is
referred to as a

A

change order.

95
Q

is a request by the contractor
for a time extension or for additional
payment based on the occurrence of an
event beyond the contractor’s control
that has not been covered by a change
order.

A

claim

96
Q

are disagreements between the
contractor and owner over some aspect
of contract performance.

A

Disputes

97
Q

presents a database that includes
design data, drawings, specifications,
materials and systems parameters, and
life cycle data, for all the various
disciplines involved in a project and
relates those data to each other and to
the project as a whole to present an
overall view of the project.

A

Building Information Modeling (BIM)

98
Q

is a process whereby an
architect engaged by an owner, and the
architect’s consultants, prepare
negotiation documents.

A

Negotiation

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