HGE Flashcards
A line joining the points of highest elevation of water in a series of vertical open pipes rising from a pipeline in which water flows under pressure is referred to as
hydraulic gradient
According to ASTM D2487-17, particles of rock that will pass a 3-in (75 mm) sieve and be retained on a No. 4 (4.75 mm) US standard sieve is called
gravel
NSCP 302.2 Cuts: Unless otherwise recommended in the approved geotechnical engineering report or engineering report, cuts shall conform to the provisions of this section. In the absence of an approved geotechnical engineering report, these provisions may be waived for cuts ________ meters or less in height, involving intact rock or hard soil, that are not intended to support structures.
3
NSCP 302.4 Fills: Unless otherwise recommended in the approved geotechnical engineering report, fills shall conform to the provisions of this section. In the absence of an approved geotechnical engineering report or engineering report, these provisions may be waived for minor fills (H ≤ ________ m) not intended to support structures.
2
NSCP 302.4.5 Slopes: The slope of cut surfaces shall be no steeper than is safe for the intended use and shall be no steeper than 1 unit vertical in ________ units horizontal unless substantiating data justifying steeper slopes are submitted and approved.
2
NSCP 302.4.4 Compaction: All fills shall be compacted in litis not exceeding ________ cm in thickness to a minimum of 90 percent of maximum density as determined by ASTM Standard D-1557.
20
The elastic tendency of liquids which makes them acquire the least surface area possible. It is responsible, for example, when an object or insect such as mosquitoes that is denser than water is able to float or run along the water surface.
surface tension
A pressure surge or wave caused when a fluid in motion is forced to stop or change direction suddenly (momentum change) is referred to in hydraulics as
water hammer
If the ground water table in a soil formation rises as a resulting of flooding, the bearing capacity of the soil
decreases
One of the following foundation conditions does not affect the bearing capacity of the supporting soil.
Load imposed onto the soil
What is the most used property in soil mechanics?
void ratio
It is the ratio of weight of the water to the weight of the soil solid particles.
water content
NSCP 302.5.2 Top of Cut Slope: The top of cut slopes shall not be made nearer to a site boundary line than one fifth of the vertical height of cut with a minimum of 0.6 m and a maximum of ________. The setback may need to be increased for any required interceptor drains.
3 m
NSCP 302.5.3 Toe of Fill Slope: The toe of a fill slope shall be made not nearer to the site boundary line than one half the height of the slope with a minimum of 0.6 m and a maximum of ________.
6 m
The state of fluidity occurring generally in granular soils.
liquefaction
The ability of soil to allow water to flow through it.
permeability
The moisture content of a soil, at which a given amount of compaction produces the highest value of dry density.
optimum moisture content
The water content corresponding to the limit between the liquid and plastic states of consistency of the soil.
liquid limit
The water content corresponding to the lowest water content at which the soil becomes plastic.
plastic limit
The weight of water expressed as a percentage of the total dry weight of a soil material:
natural moisture content
The highest pressure which a structure can exert on a blank of earth without causing it move in the direction of the pressure:
active pressure
A measure of size of mineral particles of soils or rock: a physical characteristic of the particles of soil which affects its mechanical properties: used in classification and identification of soils:
sieve analysis
An instrument to measure the density of soil:
densometer
A foundation failure in which a surface of rupture is formed in the soil, the foundation settles considerably and probably tilts to one side and heaving of the soil occurs on one or both sides of the foundation:
shearing failure
The horizontal pressure that an earth mass exerts on a wall:
active
Plasticity index is:
the numerical difference between the liquid limits and the plastic limits
It is the pressure at a point equal to the depth of that point below ground water level times the unit weight of water. This head is considered in the design of basement floors and similar horizontal elements below the water table.
hydrostatic pressure
Water content corresponding to the limit between the liquid and plastic states of consistency of a soil:
liquid limit
The lowest water content at which a soil becomes plastic.
plastic limit
The process by which a liquid is drawn into and tends to fill permeable pores in a porous solid and increase is mass of a porous solid resulting from the penetration of a liquid into its permeable pores known as:
absorption
The state in which two surface are held together by interfacial effects which may consist of molecular forces, interlocking action, or both are known as:
adhesion
The maximum unit pressure to which a soil or other material should be subjected to guard against shear failure or excessive settlement is known as:
allowable bearing capacity
An arbitrary water contents (shrinkage limit, plastic limit, liquid limit) determined by standard test that define the boundaries between the different states of consistency of plastic soils is called as:
Atterberg Limits
The ratio of the volume of water in the void spaces to the volume of voids is called:
degree of saturation
The ratio of the weight of the soil specimen to the volume of the soil specimen is called:
moist unit weight
In granular soils, the degree of compaction in the field can be measured and is known as:
relative density
The moisture content which the soil changes from a semi-solid state to a solid state is defined as
shrinkage limit
The moisture content which the soil changes from plastic to a semi-solid stage is defined as
plastic limit
The difference between liquid limit and the plastic limit of a soil.
plasticity index
The percentage of moisture content at which a groove closure of 12.5 mm occurs at 25 blows is known as:
liquid limit
The moisture content at which the soil changes from a liquid to plastic stage is
liquid limit
The gradual increase in the effective stress in the clay layer which causes gradual settlements over a period of time is.
consolidation
Compaction of soil increases its density and produces some effects such as:
a. an increase in shear strength of the soil
b. a decrease in future settlement of soil
c. decrease in its permeability
d. all of the above
all of the above
It is wearing away of the ground surface as a result of the movement of wind or water
erosion
It is a graphical or pictorial method for solving normal and shear stresses on any plane once the stresses on orthogonal planes are known. This method uses the simple properties of a circle and simplifies the calculation necessary for determining the stresses.
Mohr’s Circle
The phenomenon in which water rises above the groundwater table against the pull of gravity but it is in contact with the water table as its source.
capillarity rise
The theory that is based on the concept of a failure wedge bounded by the wall face and by a failure surface passing through the toe of the retaining wall is
Coulomb’s Theory
The flow of water along contact surface between structure and soil or rock foundations, especially in dams is termed as:
seepage
It is a pressure caused by the weight of earth or its sideways pressure.
earth pressure
____________________ is widely employed as an in-situ technique to assess the undrained shear strength of soil, particularly in the case of soft clays. The experiment is conducted using a specialized apparatus comprising of a cylindrical rod affixed with blades, which is put into the soil and subsequently rotated.
Vane shear test
The component of shear strength of a rock or soil that interparticle friction is called
cohesion
A ship floating in seawater is stable if the metacenter
is above the center of gravity
Soil derives its strength from its capacity to resist
shear
Which of the following is not a component of the soil mass?
a. minerals
b. organic matter
c. gas
d. none in the list
none in the list
If with steady flow in any length or reach of a stream, the average velocity at every cross section is the same in that reach, the flow is said to be
uniform
When the path lines of the individual particles of a flowing liquid are irregular curves and continually cross each other and form a complicated network, the flow is called
turbulent
In USCS, a solid having a size larger than the No. 200 sieve (0.074 mm) but smaller than the No. 4 sieve (4.75 mm opening) is called
sand
If the discharge passing a specific cross-sectional area of a pipe remains constant with time, the flow at that particular section is referred to as
steady
not a characteristic of cohesionless soil
practically impermeable
At any given moment, the number of particles passing every section of the stream is equal, the flow at that particular section is referred to as
continuous
A granular soul deposit is considered medium dense if the blow count of a standard penetration test is between _______.
10 to 30
The unit weight of dry air (at 0°C and standard barometer pressure) in N/meter³ is
12.7
The pressure exerted onto a liquid is transmitted equally and undiminished to all portions of the liquid. Thus principle in fluid mechanics is known as
Pascal’s
For the value of atmospheric pressure at sea level used in engineering practice, evaluate about how high, in meters, is the atmosphere above sea level
8500
Not a characteristic of cohesive soil
Low shear strength
Largest grain size that may pass through a No. 200 sieve
0.074 mm
Atterberg limit tests is done on aggregates that pass through what sieve size
No. 40 mesh or 0.425 mm
