HFF

Question 1

defined by the pelvic brim. important in the later stages of pregnancy when the head of the fetus descends into the true pelvis

Answer 1

• Pelvic inlet

Question 2

Pelvic brim

Answer 2

boundary between true pelvis (lesser pelvis) and false pelvis (greater pelvis)

Question 3

True pelvis

Answer 3

(lesser pelvis) inferior to the pelvic brim. houses pelvic cavity and contains the pelvic viscera

Question 4

False pelvis

Answer 4

(greater pelvis) superior to pelvic brim. contains abdominal contents

Question 5

Pubococcygeus

Answer 5

anteriorly body of pubis, which inserts posteriorly to anococcygeal ligament and coccyx

Question 6

Iliococcygeus

Answer 6

• largest parto of levator ani.
• tendinous arch and ischial spine insert to anoccygeal ligament and coccyx

Question 7

coccygeus

Answer 7

ischial spine insert into lateral borders coccyx and lower sacrum

Question 8

pelvic diaphargm innervation

Answer 8

• pudeneal nerves (S2-4)
  
  • perineal surface

AND

• 3rd-5th sacral nerves
  
  • pelvic surface

Question 9

corpus cavernosum male and female

Answer 9

• male: veins within get compressed with erection by contraction of ischiocavernosus, which help maintain erection by prevent blood drain
• female: beneath ischiocavernosus, crus of clitoris followed anteriorly and becomes clitoris

Question 10

name ligaments of hip

Answer 10

1. iliolumbar ligament
2. anterior and posterior sacroiliac ligament
   
   • SI joints (connet hip bones posteriorly)
3. sacrospinous ligament
4. sacrotuberous ligament
5. pubic symphisis (connect hip bones anteriorly)
6. greater sciatic foramen
7. lesser sciatic foramen (separated from greater by sacrospinous ligament)

Question 11

What landmark distinguishes the superior and inferior gluteal arteries and nerves?

Answer 11

• piriformis muscle (above = superior gluteal, below = inferior gluteal)

Question 12

levator ani insert where?

Answer 12

perineal body

Question 13

arcus tendinous

Answer 13

separates the obturator internus muscle and levator ani muscles

Question 14

fecal incontinence

Answer 14

puborectalis damage

Question 15

erectile bodies female urogenital triangle

Answer 15

• crus of clitoris (anteriorly corpus cavernosum)
• bulb of vestibule

Question 16

layers of urogenital triangle

Answer 16

• Skin of vulva
• Membranous layer of superficial fascia (Colles’)
• Superficial perineal pouch contents
• Perineal membrane
• Deep perineal pouch contents – muscles and anterior recess of ischioanal fat pad
• Pelvic diaphragm

Question 17

muscle next to labia minor, and the ones deeper

Answer 17

bulbospongiosus -> vestibular bulb (erectile body communicate with glans clitoris) -> greater vestibular gland (secrete fluid)

Question 18

male erectile tissue

Answer 18

• 2 corpora cavernosa
• 1 corpus spongiosum

Question 19

hemorrhoids external vs internal

Answer 19

• external= painful, venous plexus below pectinate line
  
  • drain into inferior rectal vein (systemic)
• internal= not painful, venous plexus above pectinate line
  
  • drain into superior rectal vein

Question 20

lymphatic drainage of prostate

Answer 20

internal iliac and sacral nodes

Question 21

Inferior hypogastric plexus

Answer 21

autonomic innervation- visceral organs

Question 22

sympathetic innervation of inferior hypogastric plexus

Answer 22

• sacral splanchnics and superior hypogastric plexus (by way of hypogastric nerves)
  
  • T10-12 (L3)
• relax bladder and contract sphincter

Question 23

parasympathetic innervation of inferior hypogastric plexus

Answer 23

• from pelvic splanchnics (S2-S4)
• contract bladder and relax sphincter

Question 24

lumbosacral plexus is innervated by…

Answer 24

• somatic
  
  • innervate musculoskeletal or perineal structures
  • sciatic nerve (L5-S2), pudendal nerve
  • L4, L5 and S1, S2, S3
  • all leave pelvis through greater sciatic foramen

Question 25

superior gluteal nerve target

Answer 25

gluteus medius/minimus

Question 26

inferior gluteal nerve target

Answer 26

gluteus maximus

Question 27

pudendal nerve target

Answer 27

perineum (S2-4)