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Core Formulary > HFD drugs > Flashcards

HFD drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Zoplicone

A

Sleeping medication

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2
Q

Flixotide

A

Asthmatic drug

Corticosteroid

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3
Q

Citalopram

A

SSRI

Note be careful with serotonin syndrome

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4
Q

Nodalol

A

BB

Used in LQTS

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5
Q

Ipratropium

A

Bronchodilator

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6
Q

Naproxen

A

NSAID

More potent

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7
Q

Sumatriptan

A

Serotonin receptor agonist

Migraine treatment

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8
Q

Gentomycin

A

Very strong abx

Renal and oto- toxic

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9
Q

Azathioprine

A

Immunomodulator for IBD

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10
Q

Cyclizine

A

Anti-nausea

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11
Q

Bumetanide

A

Diuretic

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12
Q

Matrifen

A

Fentanyl patches

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13
Q

Midodrine

A

Anti-hypertensive

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14
Q

Ketoconazole

A

Used in treatment of Cushing’s
At high doses can inhibit adrenal sufficiency
Is an anti-fungal

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15
Q

Mitotane

A

Steroidogensis inhibitor

Used in treatment of Cushing’s

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16
Q

Metyrapone

A

Adrenal steroid synthesis inhibitor

Used in treatment of Cushing’s

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17
Q

Mifepristone

A

Used in treatment of Cushing’s if have T2DM

Used in conjunction with misoprostol to cause abortion

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18
Q

Azathiprine

A 
Immunosuppressant used in the treatment of Crohn's 
2-2.5mg/kg/d
PO 
Takes 6-10 weeks to work 
Need to monitor bloods closely 
- FBC
- U&Es
- LFTs
Weekly for 4 weeks 
4 weekly for 3months 
3monthly
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19
Q

When is Azathioprine indicated in Crohn’s?

A

Refractory to steroids

More than 2 courses in relapse

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20
Q

What are side effects of Azathioprine?

A 
Abdominal pain 
Nausea
Pancreatitis 
Leukopenia 
Abnormal LFTs

NOTE often develop on cessation

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21
Q

What are examples of immunomodulators?

A

Azathioprine
Methotrexate
6-Mercaptopurine

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22
Q

When is Azathioprine contraindicated?

A

In females of reproductive age

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23
Q

What are risks involved with Azathioprine?

A
  • Can increase risk of some cancers such as lymphoma and skin cancer
  • LFTs can become derranged
    Can develop hepatitis
  • Liver inflammation
  • Decrease immunity
  • Nausea and vomiting etc

Try to take off after 5years as should be in remission

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24
Q

What are examples of biologics?

A

Anti TNF a
Infliximab
Adalimumab
Anti- integrin (gut specifc)

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25
Q

How do biologics work?

A

TNF a plays role in pathogenesis of CD
Monoclonal antibodies decrease disease activity
Counter neutrophil infiltration and granuloma formation
Cause cytotoxicity to CD4+ T cells
This clears cells that drive immune response

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26
Q

Infliximab

A

Crohn’s

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27
Q

When are biologics contraindicated?

A

Sepsis
Active or latent TB
Increase in LFTs >3 fold

Avoid in people with known underlying malignancy

TB may reactivate in Infliximab so screen with IGRA

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28
Q

What are side effects of biologics?

A

Rash

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29
Q

Prentasa

A

Some people use for Crohn’s
Not shown to be effective

Need yearly bloods
U&Es
Can damage kidneys

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30
Q

What are drugs for BAM?

A

Colesevelam (Welchol)
Colestipol (Colestid)
Cholestyramine (Questran)

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31
Q

What are medications used for constipation?

A

Senna and bulking agents –> increase faecal mass to promote perilstalsis

Lactulose

Stimulant laxatives

Stool softeners

Osmotic laxatives

Prucalopride (5HT4)

Lubipristone (Ca2+)

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32
Q

What are the problems with stimulant laxatives?

A

Many cause colon atony

Contraindicated if obstruction or acute colitis

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33
Q

Propofol

A

Sedative

Used in DC cardioversion

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34
Q

Adenosine

A

Given to control SVT episode
6mg IV
Very short acting
Large cannula close to heart

Causes bronchospasm

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35
Q

What drugs are used to treat AF?

A

BB or diltiazem

Anticoagulants

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36
Q

What drugs are used in AF if px has HF?

A

Digoxin or Amiodarone

Anticoagulants

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37
Q

BZDs

A

Good for sedation as cause amnesia

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38
Q

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)

A

Used to treat PBC

Increases bile flow
Should improve ALP
May improve survival and delay transplantation

High doses of 25-30mg/kg/d may be harmful

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39
Q

What are side effects of UDCA?

A

Weight gain

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40
Q

Cholestyramine

A

BAM
PBC

4-8g/24h

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41
Q

What are drugs used to treat symptomatic PBC?

A

Cholestyramine
Nalotrexone
Rifampicin

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42
Q

Codeine Phosphate

A

Treats diarrhoea

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43
Q

Phenytoin

A

Anti-convulsant
Seizures
Prevention or treatment of seizures after neurosurgery or HI
Status epilepticus

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44
Q

When is phenytoin contraindicated?

A

Acute porphyrias

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45
Q

Phenobarbital

A

Epilepsy

Status epilepticus

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46
Q

Rifaximin

A

Hepatic encephalopathy!
Helps with drowsiness and balance
Use if recurrent encephalopathy in px

Gut specific antibiotic

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47
Q

Aqueous menthol topical

A

Used to treat itching in liver disease (form bile salt build up)

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48
Q

Propanolol

A

Used to prevent bleeding (GI) or once px has bled

Portal hypertension

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49
Q

Octreotide

A

Version of somatostatin

Used in bleeding related to portal hypertension

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50
Q

Glypressin

A

Constricts vessels

Used in portal hypertension

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51
Q

What are drugs that can cause SIADH?

A

Carbamazepine
SSRIs
Amitriptyline

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52
Q

Pabrinex

A

Thiamine replacement

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53
Q

Fludrocortisone

A 
Postural hypotension (300mg max)
Steroid used for Addison's
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54
Q

Steroids

A

Effective for exacerbations
5 days pred usually
If sudden stop then can cause Addisonian crisis - as negative feedback causes natural suppression of systems

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55
Q

Furosemide

A

Diuretic
Causes Na+ to increase
Stop before testing urine or document clearly!

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56
Q

Mefenamic acid

A

Mild to moderate pain relief

Period pain

57
Q

Sorafenib

A

Kinase inhibitor

Used in treatment of HCC

58
Q

Sunitimab

A

Renal cell carcinoma treatment

59
Q

What are chemotherapy drugs

A

Xelox

Chelox?

60
Q

What are drugs used in treatment of chronic pancreatitis?

A

Analgesia
Lipase
Fat soluble vitamins
Insulin may be high or normal

61
Q

Chloramphenicol ointment

A

Used to treat eye abrasions and inflammation

Couple of days, 4-5 times

62
Q

Fluoxetine

A

Long acting antidepressant

Sometimes used in the treatment or relief of discontinuation syndrome (taper)

63
Q

What are steroids used to treat Addison’s?

A

Hydrocortisone (24 hour fluctuation)
Methyprednisolone and prednisolone
Fludrocortisone accetate (replace aldosterone)

64
Q

Treatment for symptomatic UTI

A

3 days of Trimethoprim or Nitrofurantoin

65
Q

Treatment for upper UTI

A

Broad spectrum antibiotic based on locla guidelines

Co-amoxiclav

66
Q

Treatment of pyelonephritis

A

Fluroquinolone

Ciprofloxacin

67
Q

Tetracaine

A

Local anaesthetic
Used as eye drops to inspect FB in the eye

Stings when put in

68
Q

Flurocesin

A

Used to assess FB in the eye
Use slit lamp (blue light )
Abraisions appear green

Turns vision to yellow

69
Q

Zolendrate

A

Given IV
Vitamin D for OP
Protection for 3-5 years

70
Q

Alendronic acid

A

Vitamin D protection

Intense regime

71
Q

MST MR

A

Morphine Sulfate
Given twice a day, 12 hours apart
Constant pain relief
Usually for chronic or cancer pain

72
Q

Enoxaparin

A

LMWH

73
Q

Peppermint

A

Antispasmodic

74
Q

What are drugs for RV failure?

A

Diuretics

75
Q

What are drugs for LV failure?

A

BB and ACEi

76
Q

Bumetanide

A

Loop diuretic

Oedema

77
Q

Sando k

A

Oral K replacement

Review after 3 days

78
Q

How does Warfarin work?

A

Recycle vitamin k and is needed for clotting
Warfarin blocks the action of vitamin K (VKOR)
this inhibits clotting

This inhibits clotting factors 2,1,9,10 and protein C and S

79
Q

What are therapeutic targets fo Warfarin?

A

2-3 for AF
3-4 for example - mechanical valve

INR checked regularly and dose altered accordingly

80
Q

Why does Warfarin need to bridged?

A

Bridge with Heparin

  1. Takes 2-3 days to start to work and few days to work therapeutically
  2. Theoretical pro-thrombotic effect
    - Protein C and S have shorter half life than the factors
    - So period of time when no inhibition of factors by the proteins – increased clotting !
81
Q

What are side effects of Warfarin?

A

Skin necrosis (Protein C pro-coagulation effect at start)
Haemorrhage
Teratogenic
Purple toes

82
Q

How is Warfarin sued managed with surgery?

A

Stop 5 days beforehand

INR target of 1.5

83
Q

What are drugs used to treat erectile dysfunction?

A

Sildenafil
Tadalafil
Vardenafil

Contraindicated if on nitrates, hypotensive or recent MI/ stroke

84
Q

Nicorandil

A

K+ channel activator

Used to treat angina

85
Q

Nateglinide

A

Used in treatment of T2 diabetes

Blood glucose lowering drugs

86
Q

Doxazosin

A

Used in treatment of enlarged prostate

87
Q

What affects Warfarin?

A

Antibiotics - especially Flucloxicilin

88
Q

Fresubin

A

Energy replacement if malnourished

89
Q

When is high dose dexamethasone indicated?

A

Cerebral metastases

90
Q

What is a side effect of viagra?

A

Blue discolouration of vision

91
Q

Desmopressin

A

Used in bedwetting

Children over 7y/o

92
Q

What is important to note with anti-epileptic drugs?

A

Interferes with vitamin D metabolism
Increasing risks of fractures
Give vitamin D?

93
Q

Ivabradine

A

Angina if in sinus rhythm

Sometimes indicated in HF

94
Q

What is the loading dose of aspirin after ischaemic stroke or AF?

A

300mg

For 2 weeks

95
Q

Mirtazapine

A

Antidepressant
Noradrenergic and sprecific serotenergic

Side effects of sedation and increased appetite

Tends to be used in older patients

Side effects can be good for insomnia and decreased weight

Note often take at night due to sedative effect

96
Q

TB treatment

A

Rifampicin
Isonazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

97
Q

What needs to be done before starting azithromycin?

A

Baseline LFTs and ECG (QT prolongation)

98
Q

Ethambutol

A

Worry about developing optic neuritis

Need visual acuity test

99
Q

Carbocistene

A

Mucolytic

100
Q

Co-tramoxicole

A 
Bacterial infections such as pneumonia 
Bronchitis 
UTIs
Infections of ear and intestines 
Travellers diarrhoea
101
Q

Teriparatide

A

Form of PTH

Used in treatment of OP and Paget’s

102
Q

Bisphosphonates

A

Can cause gastric problems - ulcers

Need to take standing up to minimise this risk

103
Q

Denosumb

A

Used in treatment of OP

Need to check vitamin D levels

104
Q

What is used to treat influenza?

A

Tamiflu – Oseltamivir
PO or NG 75mg BD for 5 days

Zanamivir - inhaled 10mg BD for 5 days

105
Q

Melphalan

A

Chemotherapy agent

106
Q

Treatment of Amyloidosis?

A

Melphalan + pred

107
Q

Levodopa

A

Dopamine
Used in treatment of Parkinson’s

Note side effects of dyskinesias
More common in women

108
Q

What can Lithium cause?

A

Nephrogenic diabetes Insipidous

109
Q

What is a side effect of cyclizine?

A

Can make you confused

More likely to happen in the elderly

110
Q

Merpenum

A

Broad spec abx
LRTI in CF
Appendicitis
Peritonitis

Given IV

111
Q

GTN

A

Used to treat angina

SE of headaches and hypotension

112
Q

Eplerenone

A

Increases outcome if EF<40% in HF

Steroidal antimineralocorticoid

113
Q

When are BB contraindicated (in treatment of NSTEMI)?

A

Cardiogenic shock
HF
Asthma / COPD
Heart block

114
Q

Itraconizole

A

Anti-fungal

115
Q

Foxefenadine

A

Antihistamine

116
Q

Levetricetam (Keppra)

A

Epileptic medication

Anticonvulsant

117
Q

Metolazone

A

Super diuretic

118
Q

Sodium bicarbonate

A

Give if QT prolongation in poisoning (TCAs) or cardiac arrest following TCA poisoning

119
Q

Prazosin

A

Used in BP, PTSD and enlarged prostate

120
Q

What drugs are used to prevent cheese crisis?

A

Adrenergic blockade
Phentalamine
Chlorpromazine

121
Q

Disulfram

A

Medication used in alcohol addiction

Makes vomit and diarrhoea when drink alcohol

122
Q

How is pregabalin excreted?

A

Renally excreted

Linked to respiratory depression

123
Q

Doxazosin

A

Atypical hypertension medication

Used in treatment of enlarged prostate

124
Q

Tamsulosin

A

Atypical hypertension medication

125
Q

Lantanoprost

A

Glaucoma

126
Q

Tolterodine

A

CCB

127
Q

Hypromellose

A

Eye drops (dry eyes)

128
Q

Ranalozine

A

Anti-anginal

129
Q

Ezembitide

A

?statin

130
Q

What is the treatment of Tumour Lysis syndrome?

A

Allupurinol

Rasburicase

131
Q

Three anti-emetics commonly used?

A
  1. Cyclizine
  2. Ondametran
  3. Metochlorpramide
132
Q

Neostigmine

A

Cholinergic
Used in treatment of pseudo-bowel obstruction
Ogilvie’s syndrome
Used with atropine to treat to end neuromuscular blocking action of medication (of non-depolarising type)

133
Q

Sevelamer

A

Used to treat hyperphosphatemia in pts with CKD mineral bone disease

134
Q

What is the contraindication of Sevelamer

A

Bowel obstruction

135
Q

Darbepoetin alpha

A

EPO deficiency treatment

Commonly used in treatment of anaemia caused by EPO deficiency in CKD

136
Q

Aglomelatine

A

Used in treatment of major depression

137
Q

Aluminium hydroxide

A

Aluminium based phosphate binder

Rarely used due to tendency to accumulate

138
Q

Dipyridamole

A

Non specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor
Decreases cellular uptake of adenosine + inhibition of thromboxane synthesis
Anti-platelet
Mainly used in combination with aspirin after ischaemic stroke or TIA

Core Formulary (11 decks)

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