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HFD drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Zoplicone

A

Sleeping medication

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2
Q

Flixotide

A

Asthmatic drug

Corticosteroid

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3
Q

Citalopram

A

SSRI

Note be careful with serotonin syndrome

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4
Q

Nodalol

A

BB

Used in LQTS

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5
Q

Ipratropium

A

Bronchodilator

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6
Q

Naproxen

A

NSAID

More potent

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7
Q

Sumatriptan

A

Serotonin receptor agonist

Migraine treatment

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8
Q

Gentomycin

A

Very strong abx

Renal and oto- toxic

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9
Q

Azathioprine

A

Immunomodulator for IBD

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10
Q

Cyclizine

A

Anti-nausea

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11
Q

Bumetanide

A

Diuretic

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12
Q

Matrifen

A

Fentanyl patches

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13
Q

Midodrine

A

Anti-hypertensive

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14
Q

Ketoconazole

A

Used in treatment of Cushing’s
At high doses can inhibit adrenal sufficiency
Is an anti-fungal

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15
Q

Mitotane

A

Steroidogensis inhibitor

Used in treatment of Cushing’s

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16
Q

Metyrapone

A

Adrenal steroid synthesis inhibitor

Used in treatment of Cushing’s

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17
Q

Mifepristone

A

Used in treatment of Cushing’s if have T2DM

Used in conjunction with misoprostol to cause abortion

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18
Q

Azathiprine

A 
Immunosuppressant used in the treatment of Crohn's 
2-2.5mg/kg/d
PO 
Takes 6-10 weeks to work 
Need to monitor bloods closely 
- FBC
- U&Es
- LFTs
Weekly for 4 weeks 
4 weekly for 3months 
3monthly
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19
Q

When is Azathioprine indicated in Crohn’s?

A

Refractory to steroids

More than 2 courses in relapse

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20
Q

What are side effects of Azathioprine?

A 
Abdominal pain 
Nausea
Pancreatitis 
Leukopenia 
Abnormal LFTs

NOTE often develop on cessation

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21
Q

What are examples of immunomodulators?

A

Azathioprine
Methotrexate
6-Mercaptopurine

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22
Q

When is Azathioprine contraindicated?

A

In females of reproductive age

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23
Q

What are risks involved with Azathioprine?

A
  • Can increase risk of some cancers such as lymphoma and skin cancer
  • LFTs can become derranged
    Can develop hepatitis
  • Liver inflammation
  • Decrease immunity
  • Nausea and vomiting etc

Try to take off after 5years as should be in remission

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24
Q

What are examples of biologics?

A

Anti TNF a
Infliximab
Adalimumab
Anti- integrin (gut specifc)

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25
How do biologics work?
TNF a plays role in pathogenesis of CD Monoclonal antibodies decrease disease activity Counter neutrophil infiltration and granuloma formation Cause cytotoxicity to CD4+ T cells This clears cells that drive immune response
26
Infliximab
Crohn's
27
When are biologics contraindicated?
Sepsis Active or latent TB Increase in LFTs >3 fold Avoid in people with known underlying malignancy TB may reactivate in Infliximab so screen with IGRA
28
What are side effects of biologics?
Rash
29
Prentasa
Some people use for Crohn's Not shown to be effective Need yearly bloods U&Es Can damage kidneys
30
What are drugs for BAM?
Colesevelam (Welchol) Colestipol (Colestid) Cholestyramine (Questran)
31
What are medications used for constipation?
Senna and bulking agents --> increase faecal mass to promote perilstalsis Lactulose Stimulant laxatives Stool softeners Osmotic laxatives Prucalopride (5HT4) Lubipristone (Ca2+)
32
What are the problems with stimulant laxatives?
Many cause colon atony Contraindicated if obstruction or acute colitis
33
Propofol
Sedative | Used in DC cardioversion
34
Adenosine
Given to control SVT episode 6mg IV Very short acting Large cannula close to heart Causes bronchospasm
35
What drugs are used to treat AF?
BB or diltiazem | Anticoagulants
36
What drugs are used in AF if px has HF?
Digoxin or Amiodarone | Anticoagulants
37
BZDs
Good for sedation as cause amnesia
38
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)
Used to treat PBC Increases bile flow Should improve ALP May improve survival and delay transplantation High doses of 25-30mg/kg/d may be harmful
39
What are side effects of UDCA?
Weight gain
40
Cholestyramine
BAM PBC 4-8g/24h
41
What are drugs used to treat symptomatic PBC?
Cholestyramine Nalotrexone Rifampicin
42
Codeine Phosphate
Treats diarrhoea
43
Phenytoin
Anti-convulsant Seizures Prevention or treatment of seizures after neurosurgery or HI Status epilepticus
44
When is phenytoin contraindicated?
Acute porphyrias
45
Phenobarbital
Epilepsy | Status epilepticus
46
Rifaximin
Hepatic encephalopathy! Helps with drowsiness and balance Use if recurrent encephalopathy in px Gut specific antibiotic
47
Aqueous menthol topical
Used to treat itching in liver disease (form bile salt build up)
48
Propanolol
Used to prevent bleeding (GI) or once px has bled | Portal hypertension
49
Octreotide
Version of somatostatin | Used in bleeding related to portal hypertension
50
Glypressin
Constricts vessels | Used in portal hypertension
51
What are drugs that can cause SIADH?
Carbamazepine SSRIs Amitriptyline
52
Pabrinex
Thiamine replacement
53
Fludrocortisone
``` Postural hypotension (300mg max) Steroid used for Addison's ```
54
Steroids
Effective for exacerbations 5 days pred usually If sudden stop then can cause Addisonian crisis - as negative feedback causes natural suppression of systems
55
Furosemide
Diuretic Causes Na+ to increase Stop before testing urine or document clearly!
56
Mefenamic acid
Mild to moderate pain relief | Period pain
57
Sorafenib
Kinase inhibitor | Used in treatment of HCC
58
Sunitimab
Renal cell carcinoma treatment
59
What are chemotherapy drugs
Xelox | Chelox?
60
What are drugs used in treatment of chronic pancreatitis?
Analgesia Lipase Fat soluble vitamins Insulin may be high or normal
61
Chloramphenicol ointment
Used to treat eye abrasions and inflammation | Couple of days, 4-5 times
62
Fluoxetine
Long acting antidepressant | Sometimes used in the treatment or relief of discontinuation syndrome (taper)
63
What are steroids used to treat Addison's?
Hydrocortisone (24 hour fluctuation) Methyprednisolone and prednisolone Fludrocortisone accetate (replace aldosterone)
64
Treatment for symptomatic UTI
3 days of Trimethoprim or Nitrofurantoin
65
Treatment for upper UTI
Broad spectrum antibiotic based on locla guidelines | Co-amoxiclav
66
Treatment of pyelonephritis
Fluroquinolone | Ciprofloxacin
67
Tetracaine
Local anaesthetic Used as eye drops to inspect FB in the eye Stings when put in
68
Flurocesin
Used to assess FB in the eye Use slit lamp (blue light ) Abraisions appear green Turns vision to yellow
69
Zolendrate
Given IV Vitamin D for OP Protection for 3-5 years
70
Alendronic acid
Vitamin D protection | Intense regime
71
MST MR
Morphine Sulfate Given twice a day, 12 hours apart Constant pain relief Usually for chronic or cancer pain
72
Enoxaparin
LMWH
73
Peppermint
Antispasmodic
74
What are drugs for RV failure?
Diuretics
75
What are drugs for LV failure?
BB and ACEi
76
Bumetanide
Loop diuretic | Oedema
77
Sando k
Oral K replacement | Review after 3 days
78
How does Warfarin work?
Recycle vitamin k and is needed for clotting Warfarin blocks the action of vitamin K (VKOR) this inhibits clotting This inhibits clotting factors 2,1,9,10 and protein C and S
79
What are therapeutic targets fo Warfarin?
2-3 for AF 3-4 for example - mechanical valve INR checked regularly and dose altered accordingly
80
Why does Warfarin need to bridged?
Bridge with Heparin 1. Takes 2-3 days to start to work and few days to work therapeutically 2. Theoretical pro-thrombotic effect - Protein C and S have shorter half life than the factors - So period of time when no inhibition of factors by the proteins -- increased clotting !
81
What are side effects of Warfarin?
Skin necrosis (Protein C pro-coagulation effect at start) Haemorrhage Teratogenic Purple toes
82
How is Warfarin sued managed with surgery?
Stop 5 days beforehand | INR target of 1.5
83
What are drugs used to treat erectile dysfunction?
Sildenafil Tadalafil Vardenafil Contraindicated if on nitrates, hypotensive or recent MI/ stroke
84
Nicorandil
K+ channel activator | Used to treat angina
85
Nateglinide
Used in treatment of T2 diabetes | Blood glucose lowering drugs
86
Doxazosin
Used in treatment of enlarged prostate
87
What affects Warfarin?
Antibiotics - especially Flucloxicilin
88
Fresubin
Energy replacement if malnourished
89
When is high dose dexamethasone indicated?
Cerebral metastases
90
What is a side effect of viagra?
Blue discolouration of vision
91
Desmopressin
Used in bedwetting | Children over 7y/o
92
What is important to note with anti-epileptic drugs?
Interferes with vitamin D metabolism Increasing risks of fractures Give vitamin D?
93
Ivabradine
Angina if in sinus rhythm Sometimes indicated in HF
94
What is the loading dose of aspirin after ischaemic stroke or AF?
300mg For 2 weeks
95
Mirtazapine
Antidepressant Noradrenergic and sprecific serotenergic Side effects of sedation and increased appetite Tends to be used in older patients Side effects can be good for insomnia and decreased weight Note often take at night due to sedative effect
96
TB treatment
Rifampicin Isonazid Pyrazinamide Ethambutol
97
What needs to be done before starting azithromycin?
Baseline LFTs and ECG (QT prolongation)
98
Ethambutol
Worry about developing optic neuritis | Need visual acuity test
99
Carbocistene
Mucolytic
100
Co-tramoxicole
``` Bacterial infections such as pneumonia Bronchitis UTIs Infections of ear and intestines Travellers diarrhoea ```
101
Teriparatide
Form of PTH | Used in treatment of OP and Paget's
102
Bisphosphonates
Can cause gastric problems - ulcers | Need to take standing up to minimise this risk
103
Denosumb
Used in treatment of OP | Need to check vitamin D levels
104
What is used to treat influenza?
Tamiflu -- Oseltamivir PO or NG 75mg BD for 5 days Zanamivir - inhaled 10mg BD for 5 days
105
Melphalan
Chemotherapy agent
106
Treatment of Amyloidosis?
Melphalan + pred
107
Levodopa
Dopamine Used in treatment of Parkinson's Note side effects of dyskinesias More common in women
108
What can Lithium cause?
Nephrogenic diabetes Insipidous
109
What is a side effect of cyclizine?
Can make you confused | More likely to happen in the elderly
110
Merpenum
Broad spec abx LRTI in CF Appendicitis Peritonitis Given IV
111
GTN
Used to treat angina SE of headaches and hypotension
112
Eplerenone
Increases outcome if EF<40% in HF Steroidal antimineralocorticoid
113
When are BB contraindicated (in treatment of NSTEMI)?
Cardiogenic shock HF Asthma / COPD Heart block
114
Itraconizole
Anti-fungal
115
Foxefenadine
Antihistamine
116
Levetricetam (Keppra)
Epileptic medication | Anticonvulsant
117
Metolazone
Super diuretic
118
Sodium bicarbonate
Give if QT prolongation in poisoning (TCAs) or cardiac arrest following TCA poisoning
119
Prazosin
Used in BP, PTSD and enlarged prostate
120
What drugs are used to prevent cheese crisis?
Adrenergic blockade Phentalamine Chlorpromazine
121
Disulfram
Medication used in alcohol addiction | Makes vomit and diarrhoea when drink alcohol
122
How is pregabalin excreted?
Renally excreted | Linked to respiratory depression
123
Doxazosin
Atypical hypertension medication | Used in treatment of enlarged prostate
124
Tamsulosin
Atypical hypertension medication
125
Lantanoprost
Glaucoma
126
Tolterodine
CCB
127
Hypromellose
Eye drops (dry eyes)
128
Ranalozine
Anti-anginal
129
Ezembitide
?statin
130
What is the treatment of Tumour Lysis syndrome?
Allupurinol | Rasburicase
131
Three anti-emetics commonly used?
1. Cyclizine 2. Ondametran 3. Metochlorpramide
132
Neostigmine
Cholinergic Used in treatment of pseudo-bowel obstruction Ogilvie's syndrome Used with atropine to treat to end neuromuscular blocking action of medication (of non-depolarising type)
133
Sevelamer
Used to treat hyperphosphatemia in pts with CKD mineral bone disease
134
What is the contraindication of Sevelamer
Bowel obstruction
135
Darbepoetin alpha
EPO deficiency treatment | Commonly used in treatment of anaemia caused by EPO deficiency in CKD
136
Aglomelatine
Used in treatment of major depression
137
Aluminium hydroxide
Aluminium based phosphate binder | Rarely used due to tendency to accumulate
138
Dipyridamole
Non specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor Decreases cellular uptake of adenosine + inhibition of thromboxane synthesis Anti-platelet Mainly used in combination with aspirin after ischaemic stroke or TIA

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