HF Pharmacology

Question 1

Hydralazine

Answer 1

Acts on vascular smooth muscle to cause dilation of arterioles
Decrease afterload and peripheral resistance

Question 2

Indication of Hydralazine

Answer 2

HTN, HF

Question 3

Adverse effect of Hydralazine

Answer 3

Reflex tachycardia (Drug taken with beta blocker to prevent this)
Hypotension

Question 4

Losartan

Answer 4

Angiotensin II receptor blocker
Blocks action of angio 2 which results in vasodilation
decrease bld volume
decrease cardiac remodeling

Question 5

Indication of Losartan

Answer 5

HTN, HF, MI

Question 6

Adverse effect Losartan

Answer 6

Angioedema
increase K

Question 7

Furosemide

Answer 7

Loop diuretics
Acts on loop of henle to block reabsorption of Na and Cl, preventing passive reabsorption of water

Question 8

Furosemide Route

Answer 8

Iv/PO/IM, onset of IV starts in 5 minutes and lasts 2 hrs

Question 9

Furosemide indication

Answer 9

PE, hepatic edema, cardiac, HTN

Question 10

Furosemide adverse effect

Answer 10

Hyponatremia
Hypochloremia
Dehydration
Dry mouth, thirst, oliguria, excessive weight loss, hypotension, hypolalemia, ototoxicity

Question 11

Hydrochlorothiazide

Answer 11

Block reabsorption of Na and Cl in distal convoluted tubule, causing water to be retained

Question 12

Hydrochlorothiazide Indication

Answer 12

HTN, Edema, mild-moderate HF

Question 13

Hydrochlorothiazide Adverse effect

Answer 13

Hyponatremia, hypochloremia, dehydration, dry mouth, thirst, oliguria, excessive weight loss, decrease in potassium

Question 14

Spironolactone

Answer 14

Potassium Sparing Diuretics
Blocks action of aldosterone in distal nephron

Question 15

Spironolactone indication

Answer 15

HTN, Edema, HF

Question 16

Spironolactone Adverse Effect

Answer 16

Hyperkalemia
NEVER USE IF K>5, caution with ACE inhibitors, ARBs
endocrine effects
gynecomastia
impotence
menstrual irregularities

Question 17

Normal K level

Answer 17

3.5-5 mmol/L

Question 18

Diuretic can decrease blood volume result in

Answer 18

decrease:
preload
PE
peripheral edema

Question 19

Canagliflozin

Answer 19

Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter inhibitor
Inhibit SGLT-2 in the kidney to reduce reabsorption of glucose
Cause osmotic diuresis which decrease decreases overall blood volume

Question 20

Canagliflozin indication

Answer 20

Diabetes HF

Question 21

Adverse Effect of Canagliflozin

Answer 21

Yeast infection in females, UTI, polyuria, dehydration, hyponatremia, hypotension

Question 22

Sacubitril/Valsartan

Answer 22

Angiotensin Receptor inhibitor
Sacubitril - inhibits neprilysin leading to increase natriuretic; induces vasodilation and natriuresis (secretion of Na by kidney)
Valsartan - ARB

Question 23

Sacubitril/Valsartan indication

Answer 23

HF

Question 24

Sacubitril/Valsartan Adverse Effect

Answer 24

Hypotension
increase K, Cr
Watch for dehydration and electrolyte imbalance, renal failure

Question 25

Digoxin

Answer 25

Cardiac Glycosides
Increases myocardial activity by inhibiting enzyme known as Na/K - ATPase which causes Ca to accumulate in myocytes leading to increase force of contraction (Increase CO), decrease HR, decrease AV node conduction

Question 26

Digoxin Indication

Answer 26

HF and Afib

Question 27

Digoxin Adverse effect

Answer 27

Dysrhythmias
Bradycardia
Hypotension
GI disturbances (anorexia, N/V)

Question 28

Amiodarone

Answer 28

K channel blocker, prolonging the resting tissue for heart
Less AF to be conducted
Change the rhythm
SHORT TERM DRUG because pulmonary toxicity, damage to pulmonary, liver, thyroid

Question 29

Amiodarone indication

Answer 29

Atrial and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Question 30

Amiodarone Adverse Effect

Answer 30

Pulmonary toxicity
Thyroid toxicity
Liver toxicity