Dysrhythmias Flashcards

1
Q

Properties of Cardiac Cells

A

Automaticity
Contractility
Conductivity
Excitability

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2
Q

What can EKG detect

A

Abnormality in
cardiac conduction
ischemia
infarction
hypertrophy
electrolyte abnormalities

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3
Q

Normal Sinus Rhythm

A

a normal ECG rate and rhythm, generated in SA node

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4
Q

12 lead ECG

A

10 electrodes placed on chest and limbs, gives 12 views of the heart

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5
Q

Continuous Cardiac monitoring

A

Only for monitor, not for diagnosis
3 electrodes placed on chest
gives 5 views of heart
Monitor rhythm, ST elevation

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6
Q

ST segment depression

A

Ischemia caused by partial occlusion of a coronary artery
USA and NSTEMI

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7
Q

ST segment Elevation

A

Complete occlusion of coronary artery, the entire thickness of the myocardium becomes ischemic: STEMI

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8
Q

Potassium imbalance and ECG

A

K imbalance slows impulse conduction through the AV node and the myocytes

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9
Q

Hypokalemia and ECG

A

Prolonged PR,
depressed ST,
low T,
appearance of U
Increase in QT

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10
Q

Hyperkalemia and ECG

A

Absent P
Widening of QRS
Peaked T
cells become unexcitable
Rapidly progress to cardiac arrest

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11
Q

Premature Atrial Contractions (PAC)

A

Atria contract earlier than normal
Before the next sinus impulse is due

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12
Q

Cause of PAC and PVC

A

Stress
Fatigue
Caffeine
Alcohol
Ischemia
Atrial stretch
Electrolyte imbalance
Certain medications

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13
Q

ECG characteristics of PAC

A

P wave have different shape

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14
Q

Premature Ventricular Contraction

A

ventricles to contract earlier than normal, leading to an extra heartbeat

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15
Q

ECG characteristic of PVC

A

Rhythm is irregular, P wave is absent, QRS is wide and distorted

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16
Q

Atrial Fibrillation

A

Impulse coming from all over the place to cause contract extremely rapid
Multiple ectopic foci - impulse come from somewhere other than SA node

17
Q

Cause of AF

A

Heart disease
Thyrotoxicosis
Alcohol intoxicant
electrolyte imbalance
Stress

18
Q

ECG characteristics of AF

A

600 bom, ventricular rate varies between 50-180
P wave replaced by wavy baseline

19
Q

Clinical significance of AF

A

decrease in CO
Thrombus may form because of stasis of blood due to non-contractility

20
Q

Treatment of AF

A

beta-blocker, calcium-channel blocker