HF

Question 1

What is heart failure and the two types?

Answer 1

HF: inability of the heart to meet the metabolic demands of the body.

Systolic: heart can’t squeeze, dilated and flabby
Diastolic: heart can’t relax, noncompliant ventricle

Question 2

Name 4 cardiac causes of HF and whether each is systolic or diastolic.

Answer 2

1. MI: systolic
2. HTN: diastolic (due to hypertrophy) then diastolic (due to dilation)
3. Valvular Heart Disease: both S and D depending on valves affected
4. Cardiomyopathies
   - hypertrophic: diastolic
   - restrictive: diastolic
   - dilated: systolic

Question 3

How can systolic HF be differentiated from diastolic?

Answer 3

Echocardiogram:

-signs and symptoms are identical between the two and ultrasound is the only way to differentiate

Question 4

How do each of these drugs treat HF?

1. Digoxin
2. Diuretics
3. ACE-Is
4. ARBs
5. Beta-Bs
6. Aldosterone Antagonist
7. Natriuretic Peptide

Answer 4

1. Increases contractility
2. Decrease preload (systolic dysfunction)
3. Decreased afterload (systolic dysfunction)
4. Same as ACE-Is
5. Decrease Renin-AA system and SANS
6. Increase preload (diastolic dysfunction)
7. Increase preload (diastolic dysfunction)