Embryo

Question 1

Source of cardiac precursor cells.

Answer 1

Epiblast

Question 2

The bulbus cordis gives rise to what 3 structures?

Answer 2

1. Truncus arteriosus: roots of great arteries
2. Conus cordis: ventricular outflow tract
3. Trabeculated RV

Question 3

Where does the RA come from?

Answer 3

Smooth part comes from the left side of the sinus venosus that regresses.

Trabeculated part comes from the primitive atrium

Question 4

Where does the LA come from?

Answer 4

The smooth part arises from the pulmonary veins

Trabeculated part comes from the primitive atrium

Question 5

Source of the IV septum muscular portion.

Answer 5

Endocardial Cushions

Question 6

Source of the IV septum membranous portion.

Answer 6

Neural Crest Cells

downward spiral growth

Question 7

Congenital defect where the great vessels and outflow tracts are not divided. What condition is this associated with?

Answer 7

Persistant truncus arteriosus.

-associated with Digeorge Syndrome

Question 8

4 characteristics of Tetralogy of Fallot.

Answer 8

1. VSD
2. Overriding Aorta
3. Pulmonary Stenosis
4. RVH

Question 9

What can cause sudden infant death syndrome related to cardiology?

Answer 9

Defects in cardiac conduction development

Question 10

Where do blood cells form?

Answer 10

1. the yolk sac
2. later in the liver
3. later sources of blood cells include the spleen, thymus and bone marrow

Question 11

Aortic arches to be concerned with in this system.

Answer 11

4 and 6

Question 12

Derivatives of the two 4th arches.

Answer 12

Right Side: right subclavian

Left Side: aortic arch

Question 13

Derivatives of the two 6th arches.

Answer 13

Right Side: right pulmonary artery

Left Side: left pulmonary artery and ductus arteriosus

Question 14

What problems are associated with the 6th arch and the vagus nerve?

Answer 14

The 6th arch produces the ductus arteriosus which prevents ascension of the left recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus. This allows it to be compressed if any of the surrounding vessels enlarge.

Question 15

3 derivatives of the vitelline arteries.

Answer 15

1. Celiac
2. SMA
3. IMA

Question 16

Function of the umbilical arteries.

Answer 16

Carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta. Eventually regress to form the medial umbilical ligaments.

Question 17

Function of the ductus venosus.

Answer 17

Shunt that allows oxygenated blood to pass from the left umbilical vein to the heart without influence from the liver. Regresses to form the ligamentum venosum

Question 18

Embryonic structure that leads to the azygous system.

Answer 18

Supracardinal veins

Question 19

Embryonic structure that leads to formation of some of the IVC and the renal veins.

Answer 19

Subcardinal veins

Question 20

Describe dysphagia lusoria.

Answer 20

Origin of the right subclavian artery forms further distal along the aortic arch than normal forcing it to pass behind the esophagus to reach the right extremity. Can cause stenosis of the esophagus.