Heuristics & Biases Flashcards
What are the 3 models of social cognition, according to Lecture 3?
Naive psychologist, cognitive miser & motivated tactician
Heuristics are:
Cognitive shortcuts
What are 4 types of heuristics?
Representativeness, availability, anchoring & adjustment
One issue with the availability heuristic is that someone may over-attribute behaviour to internal factors (Jones & Harris, 1967). This is known as:
The fundamental attribution error
Biases such as the fundamental attribution error and actor-observer effect are always irrational. True or false?
False
With which cognitive model might the cognitive load interfere with taking situational informational into account?
Motivated tactician model
If I heard the word “lion” and visualised a tiger, I am using which heuristic and why?
Representativeness - lions and tigers are both big cats, therefore are categorically similar
Which psychological phenomenon refers to the human tendency to make the fundamental attribution error more with others than ourselves?
The actor-observer effect
Causal schemas are based on:
Similarity
The anchoring and adjustment heuristic allows us to make judgments based on _____, because these are usually a good approximation for how to behave in the future.
Previous knowledge & standards
Gilbert, Pelham & Krull (1988) demonstrated which psychological theory?
The Two-Stage Model of Attribution
The Two-Stage Model of Attribution suggest that a person’s _____ factors are generally considered (anchoring) before their _____ factors when making judgments (adjustment):
Internal/personal; external/situational
______ are information-processing rules of thumb:
Heuristics
Heuristics allow us to make quick decisions, but can also often lead to errors. True or false?
True
_____ and _____ are energy savers, but both have the ability to affect our social judgments:
Schemas & heuristics
It is believed that being in a happy mood can make people more likely to rely on heuristics, but being in an angry mood can cause people to make more stereotypical judgments. True or false?
True
Heuristics are equally as useful under time pressure as they are without it. True or false?
False - their use increases under time pressure
According to Kahneman (2003), every ____ evokes a(n) _____ ________ that is not always conscious:
Stimulus; affective evaluation
