Attribution

Question 1

Heider’s “naive psychology” theory explains that people have a core motivation to determine the cause of others’ behaviour. True or false?

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The two types of attributions according to Heider are:

Answer 2

Internal & external

Question 3

According to Heider (1958), the process of trying to determine the causes of people’s behaviour is known as:

Answer 3

Causal attribution

Question 4

Heider (1958) believed that as people, we tend to act as ______ when a situation or conflict occurs:

Answer 4

Amateur scientists

Question 5

Heider (1958), Jones & Davis (1965), Kelley (1967) & Weiner all contributed theories around which psychological phenomenon?

Answer 5

Attribution

Question 6

The Correspondent Inference Theory, which allows us to determine whether someone’s behaviour corresponds to underlying (internal) qualities, was proposed by which researcher(s)?

Answer 6

Jones & Davis (1965)

Question 7

According to Jones & Davis’ (1965) Correspondent Inference Theory, internal attributions are most informative when they have a limited number of reasons for occurring, fewer alternative causes and when the behaviour impacts the perceiver. True or false?

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Kelley’s (1967) covariation/ANOVA model suggests that attributions depend on:

Answer 8

Consistency, distinctiveness & consenus

Question 9

According to Kelley (1967), external attributions are made when there is

Answer 9

High consistency, high distinctiveness & high consensus

Question 10

According to Kelley (1967), internal attributions are made when there is

Answer 10

High consistency, low distinctiveness & low consensus

Question 11

The _____ principle suggests that a factor is discounted as a function of other causes:

Answer 11

Discounting

Question 12

The ______ principle suggests that the role of a potential cause is enhanced in the presence of other factors:

Answer 12

Augmenting principle

Question 13

Heider (1958) suggested that people are motivated to understand others’ behaviour, Jones & Davis (1965) believed that behaviour is caused by internal qualities & Kelley (1967) believed that they depend on consistent, distinct & consensual behaviour. What was Weiner’s theory of attribution?

Answer 13

Attributions depend on locus, stability & controllability.

Question 14

According to Weiner, there are _____ & _____ consequences of attribution:

Answer 14

Behavioural; emotional

Question 15

People want to be able to distinguish internal from external causes of behaviour, but have a particular interest in internal causes. True or false?

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Success and failure are attributed to either personal factors (____ and ____) or situational factors (____ and _____):

Answer 16

Ability & motivation; luck & task difficulty

Question 17

If a student misbehaves at school, but behaves at home and football training, then his behaviour is likely due to _____ reasons:

Answer 17

External

Question 18

According to the covariation principle: if a behaviour occurs when the situation is present, but not in other situations, then the behaviour has high ______:

Answer 18

Distinctiveness

Question 19

Jones, Davis & Gergen (1961) found that participants made stronger personal attributions for how the job applicant behaved. True or false?

Answer 19

False

Question 20

Jones & Harris (1967) found that participants were more likely to make a personal attribution that students really believed in their essay, when their topics were _____ as opposed to _____:

Answer 20

Chosen; assigned