HESI Adult Health Flashcards
ADDison’s disease
A: added pigmentation and potassium
D: Decreased weight
D: Decreased BP, hair (alopecia), sugar, and energy (fatigue
S: sodium loss
S: salt cravings
CUSHing syndrome
C: Cushing (trunchal obesity, moon face, buffalo hump
U: Unusual hair growth (hirsutism)
S: Skin (purple striae, butterfly mark
H: High sugar, BP, weight
Steroids from the adrenal cortex control what?
S: sugar (cortisol)
S: salts (aldosterone)
S: sex and hair (androgens)
Diabetes Incipits
Decreased blood pressure
increase serum sodium
dry skin
diluted urine
“die” ADH
SIADH
“Soaked inside”
decreased serum sodium osmolarity
increased blood pressure
sticky thick urine
seizure risk (headache early sign due to low sodium)
IMPORTANT CAUSE: small cell lung cancer
DKA
Ketones and kussmaul respirations
Dry and high sugar 250-500
Abdominal pain
younger age
Hyperkalemia (give potassium with insulin)
GIVE FLUIDS FIRST
HHS
Older age
Higher sugar 600+
stable potassium levels
Higher fluid loss and dehydration
Priority intervention with a comatose patient
Cold Fluids for therapeutic hypothermia
Care for minor burns
Cool water, Briefly soak area, no ice
Cover area “clean dry cloth”
Clothing removal not adhered
Second degree burn
Painful blisters
RED MOIST SHINNY FLUID FILLED VESICLES
1 intervention/assessment for burn patients
Intervention: LR or NS
Assessment: Urinary output
Monitor: WBC
Burns percentage of body affected
9% for head
9% for both arms
9% for each leg =18%
1% for perineum
Priority action with a patient with hypothermia
1: Airway: anticipate mechanical ventilation
#2: Attach cardiac monitor (anticipate for defibrillation)
#3: activate internal warming
Sudden vomiting without nausea
Report to HCP (moderate sign of increased ICP)
Late signs of increased ICP (CUSHINGS TRIAD)
Wide pulse pressure (high BP, low HR)
Low RR
“CRUSHING” HR and RR
What is the number one cause of stroke?
Hypertension
PUD Peptic ulcer disease treatment
Small meals high in protein and fats, low in carbs
Laying down after eating
Acute pancreatitis treatment
NPO w/ NG tube suctioning
Position side lying with legs drawn up to chest
Monitor for hypocalcemia
Night sweats, fever, anorexia
Tuberculosis TB
Leading cause of death related to cancer
Lung Cancer
Primary disease
Problem at the gland itself (tumor, excess hormone replacement)
Exophthalmos which disorder
Hyperthyroidism
Myxedema Coma treatment
Withdrawal of thyroid medications
Monitor ABC’s
Mechanical ventilation
Diabetes Mellitus Priority assessment
Check (assess) Blood glucose levels
Always treat for hypoglycemia if unsure
Metformin
Discontinue 48 hours before and for 48 hours after when using IV contrast
Cyclosporine
Do not take with grape fruit juice
Cholesterol levels
Total cholesterol <200
Triglycerides <150
LDL’s <100
HDL’s >50
MI/ Heart attack treatment
M: Morphine
O: Oxygen
N: Nitrates
A: Aspirin
Troponin indicator of heart attack/MI
Pericarditis symptoms
Sudden sharp pain relieved when leaning forward
Mitral valve
Left side of heart
Murmurs common
Backs up fluid into lungs
Acute kidney disease phases
Oliguric: no urine, Increased creatinine, BUN, potassium; decreased sodium, fluid restriction 600ml plus
Diuretic: All urine-decrease potassium, sodium
Recovery: slowly progresses to normal function
Pupils fixed and dilated
8mm
Babinski reflex present
Brain stem herniation
CSF leakage from EYES, EARS, NOSE
Clear fluid drainage
Positive glucose
OPEN TBI
Basilar skull fracture
Closed TBI
Concussion Minor: headache, retrograde amnesia, brief loss of consciousness
Concussion Major: coup-countercoup=frontal (expressive aphasia) and occipital (vision) lobe
Hematoma 3 different kinds: signs
Epidural: most deadly, closest to surface
Subdural
Subarachnoid
MONITOR for INCREASED ICP
Strokes priority
Review fibrinogen therapy protocol
DASH Diet
It’s ok to have low fat yogurt as a snack
TB
Gold standard for diagnosing is sputum culture
Montelukast
Take no matter pt’s symptoms. Used as a maintenance drug
Low back pain
Tell doctor their hematocrit and blood pressure levels
Dementia pt who is HIV positive
Suspect if they have a decrease in their handwriting
Tinea pedis aka athletes foot
More common with type 2 diabetes
Wear clean socks and monitor glucose
Treatment: griseofulvin
Psoriasis
Use corticosteroids
Gout meds
Colchicine: avoid grape fruit juice
Allopurinol: increase fluids
