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1 Adult Health 2 > HESI Adult Health > Flashcards

HESI Adult Health Flashcards

1
Q

ADDison’s disease

A

A: added pigmentation and potassium
D: Decreased weight
D: Decreased BP, hair (alopecia), sugar, and energy (fatigue
S: sodium loss
S: salt cravings

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2
Q

CUSHing syndrome

A

C: Cushing (trunchal obesity, moon face, buffalo hump
U: Unusual hair growth (hirsutism)
S: Skin (purple striae, butterfly mark
H: High sugar, BP, weight

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3
Q

Steroids from the adrenal cortex control what?

A

S: sugar (cortisol)
S: salts (aldosterone)
S: sex and hair (androgens)

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4
Q

Diabetes Incipits

A

Decreased blood pressure
increase serum sodium
dry skin
diluted urine
“die” ADH

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5
Q

SIADH

A

“Soaked inside”
decreased serum sodium osmolarity
increased blood pressure
sticky thick urine
seizure risk (headache early sign due to low sodium)
IMPORTANT CAUSE: small cell lung cancer

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6
Q

DKA

A

Ketones and kussmaul respirations
Dry and high sugar 250-500
Abdominal pain
younger age
Hyperkalemia (give potassium with insulin)
GIVE FLUIDS FIRST

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7
Q

HHS

A

Older age
Higher sugar 600+
stable potassium levels
Higher fluid loss and dehydration

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8
Q

Priority intervention with a comatose patient

A

Cold Fluids for therapeutic hypothermia

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9
Q

Care for minor burns

A

Cool water, Briefly soak area, no ice
Cover area “clean dry cloth”
Clothing removal not adhered

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10
Q

Second degree burn

A

Painful blisters
RED MOIST SHINNY FLUID FILLED VESICLES

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11
Q

1 intervention/assessment for burn patients

A

Intervention: LR or NS
Assessment: Urinary output
Monitor: WBC

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12
Q

Burns percentage of body affected

A

9% for head
9% for both arms
9% for each leg =18%
1% for perineum

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13
Q

Priority action with a patient with hypothermia

A

1: Airway: anticipate mechanical ventilation

#2: Attach cardiac monitor (anticipate for defibrillation)
#3: activate internal warming

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14
Q

Sudden vomiting without nausea

A

Report to HCP (moderate sign of increased ICP)

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15
Q

Late signs of increased ICP (CUSHINGS TRIAD)

A

Wide pulse pressure (high BP, low HR)
Low RR
“CRUSHING” HR and RR

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16
Q

What is the number one cause of stroke?

A

Hypertension

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17
Q

PUD Peptic ulcer disease treatment

A

Small meals high in protein and fats, low in carbs
Laying down after eating

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18
Q

Acute pancreatitis treatment

A

NPO w/ NG tube suctioning
Position side lying with legs drawn up to chest
Monitor for hypocalcemia

19
Q

Night sweats, fever, anorexia

A

Tuberculosis TB

20
Q

Leading cause of death related to cancer

A

Lung Cancer

21
Q

Primary disease

A

Problem at the gland itself (tumor, excess hormone replacement)

22
Q

Exophthalmos which disorder

A

Hyperthyroidism

23
Q

Myxedema Coma treatment

A

Withdrawal of thyroid medications
Monitor ABC’s
Mechanical ventilation

24
Q

Diabetes Mellitus Priority assessment

A

Check (assess) Blood glucose levels
Always treat for hypoglycemia if unsure

25
Q

Metformin

A

Discontinue 48 hours before and for 48 hours after when using IV contrast

26
Q

Cyclosporine

A

Do not take with grape fruit juice

27
Q

Cholesterol levels

A

Total cholesterol <200
Triglycerides <150
LDL’s <100
HDL’s >50

28
Q

MI/ Heart attack treatment

A

M: Morphine
O: Oxygen
N: Nitrates
A: Aspirin
Troponin indicator of heart attack/MI

29
Q

Pericarditis symptoms

A

Sudden sharp pain relieved when leaning forward

30
Q

Mitral valve

A

Left side of heart
Murmurs common
Backs up fluid into lungs

31
Q

Acute kidney disease phases

A

Oliguric: no urine, Increased creatinine, BUN, potassium; decreased sodium, fluid restriction 600ml plus
Diuretic: All urine-decrease potassium, sodium
Recovery: slowly progresses to normal function

32
Q

Pupils fixed and dilated
8mm
Babinski reflex present

A

Brain stem herniation

33
Q

CSF leakage from EYES, EARS, NOSE
Clear fluid drainage
Positive glucose

A

OPEN TBI
Basilar skull fracture

34
Q

Closed TBI

A

Concussion Minor: headache, retrograde amnesia, brief loss of consciousness
Concussion Major: coup-countercoup=frontal (expressive aphasia) and occipital (vision) lobe

35
Q

Hematoma 3 different kinds: signs

A

Epidural: most deadly, closest to surface
Subdural
Subarachnoid
MONITOR for INCREASED ICP

36
Q

Strokes priority

A

Review fibrinogen therapy protocol

37
Q

DASH Diet

A

It’s ok to have low fat yogurt as a snack

38
Q

TB

A

Gold standard for diagnosing is sputum culture

39
Q

Montelukast

A

Take no matter pt’s symptoms. Used as a maintenance drug

40
Q

Low back pain

A

Tell doctor their hematocrit and blood pressure levels

41
Q

Dementia pt who is HIV positive

A

Suspect if they have a decrease in their handwriting

42
Q

Tinea pedis aka athletes foot

A

More common with type 2 diabetes
Wear clean socks and monitor glucose
Treatment: griseofulvin

43
Q

Psoriasis

A

Use corticosteroids

44
Q

Gout meds

A

Colchicine: avoid grape fruit juice
Allopurinol: increase fluids

1 Adult Health 2 (4 decks)

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