Hemodynamics

Question 1

Early (Warm) Septic Shock

Answer 1

CO/CI: high
Preload (CVP/PAOP): low
Afterload (SVR): low
SvO2: high
Treatment: fluids, pressors, inotropes

Question 2

Anaphylactic shock

Answer 2

CO/CI: low
Preload (CVP/PAOP): low
Afterload (SVR): low
SvO2: low
Treatment: epinephrine 0.3mg IM, antihistamines, corticosteroids

Question 3

Cardiogenic Shock

Answer 3

CO/CI: low
Preload (CVP/PAOP): high
Afterload (SVR): high
SvO2: low
Treatment: positive inotropes, afterload reducers, pressors

Question 4

Hypovolemic/Hemorrhagic Shock

Answer 4

CO/CI: low
Preload (CVP/PAOP): low
Afterload (SVR): high
SvO2: low
Treatment: fluids, blood

Question 5

Obstructive (tamponade) Shock

Answer 5

CO/CI: low
Preload (CVP/PAOP): high
Afterload (SVR): high
SvO2: low
Treatment: pericardiocentesis

Question 6

Normal value for Cardiac index/Cardiac output?

Answer 6

Cardiac Index: 2.5-3.5
Cardiac output: 4-6L/min
Total body fluid: 5L
1L to brain

Question 7

Normal value for preload (CVP/PAOP)?

Answer 7

Central Venous Pressure (Right atrium pressure): 2-6mmHg
Pulmonary Artery Occlusive Pressure: 8-12mmHg

Question 8

Normal value for Afterload (SVR)?

Answer 8

Systemic Vascular resistance: 800-1200

Question 9

Normal value for PA pressure (PAs/PAd)?

Answer 9

Pulmonary Artery Pressure (systolic over diastolic): 25/10mmHg

Question 10

Normal value for SvO2?

Answer 10

SvO2: 65-75%
Leftover oxygen in the right side heart after tissues remove what they need