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HESI > HESI A&P > Flashcards

HESI A&P Flashcards

1
Q

SUPERIOR

A

ABOVE

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2
Q

ANTERIOR

A

FACING FOWARD

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3
Q

POSTERIOR

A

TOWARD THE BACK

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4
Q

MEDIAL

A

TOWARD THE MIDLINE

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5
Q

LATERAL

A

AWAY FROM THE MIDLINE

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6
Q

PROXIMAL

A

CLOSER TO THE POINT OF ATTACHMENT

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7
Q

DISTAL

A

FURTHER AWAY FROM THE POINT OF ATTACHMENT

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8
Q

DORSAL CAVITY INCLUDES

A

CRANIAL AND SPINAL CAVITIES

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9
Q

VENTRAL CAVITY INCLUDES

A

ORBITS AND THE NASAL, ORAL, THORACIC, AND ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITITES

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10
Q

HISTOLOGY

A

STUDY OF TISSUES

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11
Q

WHAT ARE THE FOUR FUNDAMENTAL TISSUES?

A

EPITHELEAL, CONNECTIVE, MUSCULAR, NERVOUS

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12
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF EPITHELIAL CELLS?

A

COVER, LINE, AND PROTECT

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13
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE?

A

SUPPORT AND STRUCTURE FOR THE ORGANS

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14
Q

NERVE TISSUE IS COMPOSED OF

A

NEURONS AND NEUROGLIA

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15
Q

MUSCLE TISSUES HAVE THE ABILITY TO

A

CONTRACT OR SHORTEN

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16
Q

MUSCLE TISSUE IS CLASSIFIED AS

A

VOLUNTARY OR INVOLUNTARY

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17
Q

WHAT IS VOLUNTARY MUSCLE?

A

SKELETAL

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18
Q

WHAT IS INVOLUNTARY MUSCLE?

A

SMOOTH MUSCLE OR CARDIAC MUSCLE

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19
Q

MITOSIS IS NECESSARY FOR

A

GROWTH AND REPAIR

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20
Q

WHAT IS MITOSIS?

A

DNA IS DUPLICATED AND DISTRIBUTED EVENLY TO TWO DAUGHTER CELLS

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21
Q

WHERE DOES MEIOSIS TAKE PLACE?

A

THE GONADS

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22
Q

WHAT HAPPENS DURING MEIOSIS?

A

THE CHROMOSOME NUMBER IS REDUCED FROM 26 TO 23 SO WHEN THE EGG AND SPERM UNITE IN FERTILIZATION, THE ZYGOTE WILL HAVE THE CORRECT NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES

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23
Q

WHAT IS THE LARGEST ORGAN IN THE BODY?

A

THE SKIN

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24
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO LAYERS OF THE SKIN?

A

EPIDERMIS AND DERMIS

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25
Q

WHAT IS THE EPIDERMIS?

A

OUTER LAYER OF THE SKIN

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26
Q

WHAT IS THE DERMIS?

A

INNER LAYER OF THE SKIN

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27
Q

WHAT COMPOSES THE EPIDERMIS?

A

DEAD KERATINIZED EPITHELIAL CELLS

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28
Q

WHAT COMPOSES THE DERMIS?

A

CONNECTIVE TISSUE WITH BLOOD VESSELS AND NERVE ENDINGS

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29
Q

WHAT DOES THE DERMIS REST ON?

A

SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE THAT CONNECTS THE SKIN TO THE SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES

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30
Q

WHAT ARE THE LAYERS OF THE EPIDERMIS?

A 
STRATUM CORNEUM
STRATUM LUCIDUM
STRATUM GRANULOSUM
STRATUM BASALE
STRATUM SPINOSUM
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31
Q

WHAT DOES THE STRATUM BASALE AND SPINOSUM MAKE UP

A

STRATUM GERMINATIVUM

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32
Q

WHAT IS SIGNIFICANT OF THE STRATUM GERMINATIVUM?

A

THIS IS WHERE MITOSIS OCCURS

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33
Q

EPIDERMAL CELLS CONTAIN

A

PROTEIN PIGMENT MELANIN

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34
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF MELANIN?

A

PROTECTS AGAINST RADIATION FROM THE SUN

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35
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF SWEAT GLANDS?

A

ECCRINE

APOCRINE

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36
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF ECCRINE GLANDS?

A

RELEASES A WATERY SECRETION THAT REGULATES TEMPERATURE

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37
Q

WHAT ARE APOCRINE CELLS?

A

PRODUCE A SECRETION THAT CONTAINS BITS OF CYTOPLASM FROM THE CELLS.

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38
Q

WHERE ARE APOCRINE CELLS USUALLY FOUND?

A

GROIN AND ARMPIT

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39
Q

WHY DO YOU GET BODY ODOR?

A

APOCRINE SECRETIONS ATTRACT BACTERIA

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40
Q

WHAT ARE SEBACEOUS GLANDS?

A

SECRETE SEBUM THROUGH HAIR FOLLICLES

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41
Q

WHAT ARE THE FUNCTION OF SEBACEOUS GLANDS?

A

LUBRICATES THE SKIN AND PREVENTS DRYING

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42
Q

WHAT ARE SKIN AND HAIR COMPOSED OF?

A

KERATIN

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43
Q

WHAT IS KERATIN

A

A STRONG PROTEIN

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44
Q

WHAT IS HEMOPOIESIS?

A

BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION

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45
Q

WHAT DOES A LONG BONE LOOK LIKE?

A

IRREGULAR EPIPHYSIS AT EACH END COMPOSED OF SPONGY BONE AND A SHAFT COMPOSED OF COMPACT BONE

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46
Q

WHAT FORMS FROM COMPACT BONE?

A

OSTEOBLASTS

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47
Q

WHAT ARE OSTEOBLASTS THAT ARE DONE DIVIDING?

A

OSTEOCYTES

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48
Q

WHAT IS THE AXIAL SKELETON?

A

28 BONES OF THE SKULL, 33 BONES OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN, BONES OF THE THORAX, THE STERNUM AND THE 12 RIBS

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49
Q

HOW MANY FACIAL BONES ARE THERE?

A

14

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50
Q

HOW MANY CRANIAL BONES ARE THERE?

A

14

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51
Q

WHAT IS THE ONLY MOVEABLE BONE OF THE SKULL

A

MANDIBLE

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52
Q

WHAT ARE THE THREE OSSICLES OF THE EAR?

A

MALLEUS, INCUS, STAPES

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53
Q

WHAT ARE THE FOUR REGIONS OF THE SPINE?

A

CERVICAL THORACIC, LUMBAR AND SACRAL

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54
Q

HOW MANY CERVICAL VERTEBRA ARE THERE?

A

7

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55
Q

HOW MANY THORACIC VERTEBRAE ARE THERE?

A

12

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56
Q

HOW MANY LUMBAR VERTEBRAE ARE THERE?

A

5

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57
Q

HOW MANY SACRAL VERTEBRAE ARE THERE?

A

5

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58
Q

WHAT IS THE COCCYGEAL VERTEBRAE?

A

TAILBONE

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59
Q

WHAT IS THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON?

A

GIRDLES AND THE LIMBS

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60
Q

WHAT ARE THE BONES OF THE ARM?

A

HUMERUS, RADIUS AND ULNA, THE CARPALS, METACARPALS, AND PHALANGES

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61
Q

WHAT ARE THE CARPALS?

A

WRIST BONES

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62
Q

WHAT ARE THE METACARPALS

A

BONES OF THE HAND

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63
Q

WHAT ARE THE PHALANGES

A

BONES OF THE FINGERS

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64
Q

WHAT IS THE OS COXA?

A

ILIUM, ISCHIUM, AND PUBIS

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65
Q

WHAT ARE THE BONES OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES?

A

FEMUR, TIBIA AND FIBULA, TARSALS, METATARSALS AND PHALANGES

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66
Q

WHAT ARE THE TARSALS?

A

BONES OF THE ANKLE

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67
Q

WHAT ARE THE METATARSALS?

A

BONES OF THE FOOT

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68
Q

WHAT DOES MUSCLE CONTRACTION RESULT FROM?

A

SLIDING TOGETHER OF ACTIN AND MYOSIN FILAMENTS WITHIN THE MUSCLE CELL OR FIBER

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69
Q

WHAT DOES A MUSCLE CELL CONSIST OF?

A

MYOFIBRILS

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70
Q

WHAT ARE MYOFIBRILS MADE OF?

A

SACROMERES

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71
Q

WHAT MUST BE PRESENT FOR A MUSCLE CELL TO CONTRACT?

A

CALCIUM AND ATP

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72
Q

WHAT IS THE METABOLIC PATHWAY FOR MUSCLE CONTRACTION?

A

NERVOUS STIMULATION CAUSES RELASE OF CALCIUM IONS FROM THE SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM. CALCIUM IONS ATTACH TO INHIBITORY PROTEINS ON THE ACTIN FILAMENTS MOVING THEM ASIDE SO THAT CROSS-BRIDGES CAN FORM BETWEEN ACTIN AND MYOSIN FILAMENTS. USING ATP, THE FILAMENTS SLIDE TOGETHER AND PRODUCE CONTRACTION

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73
Q

SKELETAL MUSCLES ARE CONSIDERED

A

VOLUNTARY

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74
Q

HOW DO SKELETAL MUSCLES WORK IN PAIRS?

A

PRIME MOVERS AND ANTAGONISTS

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75
Q

WHAT ARE PRIME MOVERS?

A

THE MUSCLE THAT EXECUTES A GIVEN MOVEMENT

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76
Q

WHAT IS AN ANTAGONIST?

A

THE MUSCLE THAT PRODUCES THE OPPOSITE MOVEMENT.

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77
Q

WHAT ARE SYNERGISTS?

A

MUSCLES THAT WORK WITH THE PRIME MOVER

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78
Q

WHAT ARE FLEXORS?

A

REDUCE THE ANGLE AT THE JOINT

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79
Q

WHAT ARE EXTENSORS?

A

INCREASE THE ANGLE AT THE JOINT

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80
Q

WHAT ARE ABDUCTORS?

A

DRAW A LIMB AWAY FROM THE MIDLINE

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81
Q

WHAT ARE ADDUCTORS?

A

RETURN A LIMB BACK TO THE BODY

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82
Q

WHAT MAKES UP THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

A

BRAIN, SPINAL CORD, NERVES

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83
Q

ALL ACTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DEPEND ON

A

TRANSMISSION OF NERVE IMPULSES OVER NEURONS

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84
Q

WHAT ARE NEURONS?

A

THE FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

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85
Q

WHAT ARE THE MAIN PARTS OF A NEURON?

A

CELL BODY, AXON AND DENDRITES

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86
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF A DENDRITE?

A

TRANSMIT THE IMPULSE TOWARD THE CELL BODY

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87
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF AN AXON?

A

TRANSMIT IMPULSES AWAY FROM THE CELL BODY

88
Q

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IS DIVIDED INTO

A

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

89
Q

WHAT DOES THE PNS CONSIST OF?

A

NERVES THAT TRANSMIT THE INFORMATION TO AND FROM THE CNS

90
Q

WHAT ARE AFFERENT NEURONS?

A

TRANSMIT NERVE IMPULSES TOWARD THE CNS

91
Q

WHAT ARE EFFERENT NEURONS?

A

TRANSMIT NERVE IMPULSES AWAY FROM THE CNS TOWARD THE ORGANS

92
Q

WHAT ARE THE MAJOR PARTS OF THE BRAIN?

A

CEREBRUM, CEREBELLUM AND MEDULLA OBLONGATA

93
Q

WHAT IS THE CEREBRUM?

A

MOVEMENT AND SENSORY INPUT

94
Q

WHAT IS THE CEREBELLUM?

A

MUSCULAR COORDINATION

95
Q

WHAT IS THE MEDULLA?

A

CONTROLS VITAL FUNCTIONS SUCH AS RESPIRATORY AND HEART RATE

96
Q

HOW LONG IS THE SPINAL CORD?

A

18 INCHES FROM SKULL TO FIRST OR SECOND LUMBAR VERTEBRAE

97
Q

WHAT IS THE BONE THAT CONNECTS THE SPINAL CORD TO THE SKULL CALLED?

A

FORAMEN MAGNUM

98
Q

WHAT EXITS THE SPINAL CORD?

A

31 PAIRS OF SPINAL NERVES

99
Q

WHAT ARE SIMPLE REFLEXES?

A

NERVE IMPULSES TRAVEL THROUGH THE SPINAL CORD AND DON’T REACH THE BRAIN

100
Q

THE ENDOCRINE AND NERVOUS SYSTEM ARE IMPORTANT IN

A

GROWTH AND SEXUAL MATURATION

101
Q

WHERE DO THE ENDOCRINE AND NERVOUS SYSTEMS MEET?

A

HYPOTHALAMUS AND PITUITARY GLAND

102
Q

WHAT CONTROLS THE PITUITARY?

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

103
Q

WHAT CONTROLS THE HYPOTHALAMUS?

A

HORMONES IN THE BLOOD

104
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO GROUPS OF HORMONES?

A

STEROIDS AND NONSTEROIDS

105
Q

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN STEROID HORMONES ENTER THE TARGET CELL?

A

THEY HAVE A DIRECT AFFECT ON THE DNA OF THE NUCLEUS

106
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF NONSTEROID CELLS?

A

THEY REMAIN AT THE CELL SURFACE AND ACT THROUGH AMP

107
Q

HOW DO HORMONES AFFECT CELL ACTIVITY?

A

ALTERING THE RATE OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

108
Q

WHAT ATTACHES THE PITUITARY TO THE HYPIOTHALAMUS?

A

INFUNDIBULUM

109
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO MAJOR PORTIONS OF THE PITUITARY?

A

ANTERIOR LOBE AND POSTERIOR LOBE

110
Q

WHAT IS THE ANTERIOR LOBE?

A

ADENOHYPOPHYSIS

111
Q

WHAT IS THE POSTERIOR LOBE?

A

NEUROHYPOPHYSIS

112
Q

HORMONES OF THE ADENOHYPOPHYSIS ARE CALLED

A

TROPIC HORMONES BECAUSE THEY ACT MAINLY ON ENDOCRINE GLANDS

113
Q

WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF ADENOSYPOPHYSIS HORMONES?

A 
STH
GH
ACTH
TSH
FSH
LH
114
Q

WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF NEUROHYPOPHYSIS HORMONES?

A

OXYTOCIN

ADH

115
Q

WHAT DOES WHOLE BLOOD CONSIST OF

A

55% PLASMA 45% FORMED ELEMENTS

116
Q

WHAT ARE FORMED ELEMENTS?

A

ERYTHROCYTES
LEUKOCYTES
RETICULOCYTES

117
Q

WHAT ARE ERYTHROCYTES?

A

RBCS

118
Q

WHAT ARE LEUKOCYTES

A

WBCS

119
Q

WHAT ARE RETICULOCYTES?

A

PLATELETS

120
Q

WHERE DO FORMED ELEMENTS COME FROM?

A

STEM CELLS IN RED BONE MARROW

121
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF ERYTHROCYTES?

A

TRANSPORT OXYGEN

122
Q

HOW IS OXYGEN TRANSPORTED?

A

MOST IS BOUND TO HEMOGLOBIN

123
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF NEUTROPHILS AND MONOCYTES

A

PHAGOCYTOSIS

124
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF LYMPHOCYTES?

A

ANTIBODY FORMATION

125
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF RETICULOCYTES?

A

BLOOD CLOTTING

126
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF BLOOD?

A

TRANSPORT OXYGEN AND NUTRIENTS AND CARRY AWAY CARBON DIOXIDE AND WASTES

127
Q

WHAT IS PLASMA?

A

10% PROTEINS, IONS, NUTRIENTS, WASTES AND HORMONES DILUTED IN WATER

128
Q

THE HEART SENDS BLOOD TO THE LUNGS FOR OXYGENATION THROUGH THE

A

PULMONARY CIRCUIT

129
Q

THE HEART SENDS BLOOD TO THE REST OF THE BODY THROUGH

A

SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT

130
Q

BLOOD IS RECEIVED THROUGH THE

A

ATRIA

131
Q

BLOOD IN THE ATRIA IS PUMPED INTO CIRCULATION BY THE

A

VENTRICLES

132
Q

WHAT ARE THE VALVES BETWEEN THE ATRIA AND VENTRICLES?

A

TRICUSPID (RIGHT)

BICUSPID (LEFT)

133
Q

WHERE ARE SEMILUNAR VALVES FOUND?

A

ENTRANCES OF THE PULMONARY TRUNK AND THE AORTA

134
Q

WHAT IS THE MYOCARDIUM

A

HEART MUSCLE

135
Q

BLOOD IS SUPPLIED TO THE MYOCARDIUM BY THE

A

CORONARY ARTERIES

136
Q

BLOOD DRAINS FROM THE MYOCARDIUM DIRECTLY INTO THE

A

RIGHT ATRIUM THROUGH THE CORONARY SINUS

137
Q

WHAT INITIATES THE INSTRINSIC BEAT OF THE HEART?

A

SINOATRIAL NODE

138
Q

WHAT IS MEASURED ON AN EKG?

A

THE INTRINSIC BEAT OF THE HEART THROUGH THE MYOCARDIUM

139
Q

WHAT IS THE CARDIAC CYCLE?

A

THE END OF ONE VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION TO THE END OF ANOTHER VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION

140
Q

THE CONTRACTION PHASE IS CALLED

A

SYSTOLE

141
Q

THE RELAXATION PHASE IS CALLED

A

DYSOLE

142
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF AN ARTERY?

A

TO CARRY BLOOD AWAY FROM THE HEART

143
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF VEINS?

A

TO CARRY BLOOD TO THE HEART

144
Q

WHAT ARE CAPILLARIES?

A

SMALLEST BLOOD VESSELS WHERE EXCHANGE OCCURS

145
Q

WHAT ARE ARTERIOLES?

A

SMALLEST ARTERIES

146
Q

WHAT ARE THE SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR VENA CAVA?

A

THE LARGE VEINS THAT EMPTY INTO THE HEART

147
Q

ARTERIES CARRY BLOOD IN

A

HIGH PRESSURE

148
Q

VEINS CARRY BLOOD IN

A

LOW PRESSURE

149
Q

WHAT AFFECTS BLOOD PRESSURE?

A

VASOCONSTRICTION AND VASODILATION IN ARTERY WALLS

150
Q

WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM?

A

NOSE, PHARYNX, LARYNX, TRACHEA, BRONCHI, LUNGS

151
Q

WHAT CONTROLS RESPIRATION?

A

RESPIRATORY CONTROL CENTER IN THE MEDULLA

152
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM?

A

SUPPLIES OXYGEN TO THE BODY AND ELIMINATES CO2

153
Q

WHAT IS EXTERNAL RESPIRATION?

A

EXCHANGE OF GASES BETWEEN THE ATMOSPHERE AND THE BLOOD THROUGH THE ALVEOLI

154
Q

WHAT IS INTERNAL RESPIRATION?

A

EXCHANGE OF GASES BETWEEN THE BLOOD AND THE BODY CELLS

155
Q

WHAT ARE CILIA?

A

FOUND IN THE UPPER RESP TUBULE, THEY TRAP DEBRIS AND KEEP THEM FROM PASSING INTO THE LUNGS

156
Q

WHAT IS INHALATION?

A

CONTRACTION OF THE DIAPHRAGM TO ENLARGE THE THORACIC CAVITY AND DRAW AIR INTO THE LUNGS

157
Q

WHAT IS EXHALATION?

A

LUNGS RECOIL AS RESP MUSCLES RELAX AND THE THORAX DECREASES IN SIZE.

158
Q

MOST OF THE OXYGEN CARRIED IN BLOOD IS

A

BOUND TO HEMOGLOBIN IN RBCs.

159
Q

WHY DOES OXYGEN RELEASE FROM HEMOGLOBIN?

A

WHEN CONCENTRATION OF OXYGEN DROPS IN THE TISSUES

160
Q

MOST CO2 IS

A

CONVERTED TO BICARBONATE ION BY CARBONIC ANHYDRASE WITHIN RBCs.

161
Q

BECAUSE THE CONVERSION OF CO2 ALSO RELEASES HYDROGEN IONS,

A

CO2 IS A REGULATOR OF BLOOD pH

162
Q

WHAT IS THE ALIMENTARY CANAL?

A

DIGESTIVE TUBE

163
Q

WHAT STARTS THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM?

A

FOOD IS INGESTED AND MASTICATION OCCURS

164
Q

SALIVA CONTAINS THE ENZYME

A

AMYLASE

165
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF AMYLASE?

A

DIGESTS COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES

166
Q

AFTER MASTICATION A BALL OF FOOD IS CALLED

A

BOLUS

167
Q

MUSCLES OF THE PHARYNX FORCE THE FOOD TO

A

THE ESOPHAGUS AND FOOD IS SWALLOWED

168
Q

WHAT ARE THE LAYERS OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT?

A 
INNER TO OUTER:
MUCOUS MEMBRANE
SUBMUCOUS MEMBRANE
MUSCULAR LAYER
SEROUS LAYER
169
Q

WHEN FOOD ENTERS THE STOMACH WHAT IS SECRETED

A

HYDROCHLORIC ACID

170
Q

THE STOMACH MUSCLE CHURNS THE BOLUS AND BECOMES

A

CHYME (LIQUID)

171
Q

WHAT OCCURS IN THE SMALL INTESTINE?

A

DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION

172
Q

IN THE SMALL INTESTINE FOOD IS AFFECTED BY

A

ENZYMES FROM THE SI AND PANCREAS AND BILE FROM THE LIVER

173
Q

WHAT DOES THE PANCREAS CONTRIBUTE TO THE CHYME?

A

WATER AND BICARBONATE IONS TO NEUTRALIZE THE ACID FROM THE STOMACH

174
Q

WHAT ARE THE THREE AREAS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE?

A

DUODENUM JEJUNUM AND THE ILIEUM

175
Q

WHERE DOES ABSORPTION TAKE PLACE?

A

SMALL INTESTINE

176
Q

WHERE DO FATS GO?

A

ABSORBED INTO THE LYMPH BY THE LACTEALS

177
Q

FROM THE SMALL INTESTINE, ALL NUTRIENTS ENTER

A

THE HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN

178
Q

FROM THE HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN, NUTRIENTS ARE MOVED TO

A

THE LIVER FOR DECONTAMINATION

179
Q

WHAT ARE VILLI?

A

FINGERLIKE PROJECTIONS THAT INCREASE SURFAC AREA OF THE INTESTINE

180
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE LARGE INTESTINE?

A

REABSORBS WATER AND STORES AND ELIMINATES UNDIGESTED FOOD.

181
Q

WHAT ARE THE INTESTINAL FLORA?

A

BACTERIA FROM THE LARGE INTESTINE

182
Q

WHAT ARE THE FIVE PORTIONS OF THE LARGE INTESTINE?

A 
ASCENDING COLON
TRANSVERSE COLON
DESCENDING COLON
SIGMOID COLON
RECTUM
183
Q

WHAT IS THE ANUS

A

OPENING FOR DEFECATION

184
Q

WHAT ARE THE ORGANS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM?

A

KIDNEYS, URETERS, URINARY BLADDER, URETHRA

185
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE KIDNEYS?

A

FILTER BLOOD

186
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE URETERS?

A

TRANSPORT URINE TO THE URINARY BLADDER

187
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE URINARY BLADDER?

A

STORE URINE

188
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE URETHRA?

A

URINATION

189
Q

WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONAL UNITS OF THE KIDNEYS CALLED?

A

NEPHRONS

190
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF NEPHRONS?

A

FILTER WASTE OUT OF THE BLOOD BROUGHT TO THE KIDNEY BY THE RENAL ARTERY

191
Q

WHERE DOES THE FILTRATION PROCESS OCCUR?

A

GLOMERULUS IN BOWMANS CAPSULE

192
Q

WHAT ARE THE SEX ORGANS?

A

TESTES AND OVARIES

193
Q

WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF THE SEX ORGANS?

A

PRODUCTION OF GAMETES AND PRODUCTION OF HORMONES

194
Q

WHAT CONTROLS THE SEX ORGANS?

A

TROPIC HORMONES OF THE PITUITARY

195
Q

GAMETES ARE FORMED BY

A

MEIOSIS

196
Q

WHERE DO SPERMATOZOA DEVELOP?

A

SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES OF EACH TESTES

197
Q

WHAT PRODUCES TESTOSTERONE?

A

INTERSTITIAL CELLS BETWEEN THE SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES

198
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF TESTOSTERONE?

A

SPERM CELL DEVELOPMENT AND SEX CHARACTERISTICS

199
Q

ONCE PRODUCED, SPERM ARE STORED IN

A

THE EPIDIDYMIS OF EACH TESTES

200
Q

WHAT IS THE PATHWAY FOR EJACULATION

A

VAS DEFERENS, EJACULATORY DUCT, URETHRA

201
Q

THE GLANDS THAT PRODUCE SEMEN ARE

A

SEMINAL VESICLES, PROSTATE GLANDS, BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS

202
Q

WHAT CONTROLS TESTICULAR ACTIVITY

A

ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLANDS

203
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF FSH

A

REGULATES SPERM PRODUCTION

204
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF LH?

A

STIMULATES INTERSTITIAL CELLS TO PRODUCE TESTOSTERONE

205
Q

WHAT RIPENS EGGS IN OVARIAN FOLLICLES OF THE OVARY?

A

FSH

206
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF ESTROGEN

A

INITIATES PREPARATION FOR PREGNANCY

207
Q

WHAT HAPPENS AT DAY 14 OF THE CYCLE?

A

SURGE OF LH IS RELEASED FROM THE PITUITARY WHICH STIMULATES OVULATION AND CONVERSION OF THE FOLLICLE TO THE CORPUS LUTEUM

208
Q

THE CORPUS LUTEUM SECRETES

A

PROGESTERONE AND ESTROGEN

209
Q

IF FERTILIZATION OCCURS,

A

CORPUS LUTEUM REMAINS FUNCTIONAL

210
Q

IF FERTILIZATION DOES NOT OCCUR?

A

CORPUS LUTEUM DEGENERATES AND MENSTRUATION BEGINS

211
Q

AFTER OVULATION THE EGG IS MOVED TO

A

THE FALLOPIAN TUBE

212
Q

WHERE DOES FERTILIZATION OCCUR

A

FALLOPIAN TUBE

213
Q

WHAT HAPPENS AFTER FERTILIZATION

A

ZYGOTE MOVES TO THE UTERUS AND IMPLANTS ITSELF IN THE ENDOMETRIUM

214
Q

WHAT IS A ZYGOTE

A

FERTILIZED EGG

215
Q

IN THE UTERUS, THE DEVELOPING EMBRYO IS NOURISHED BY THE

A

PLACENTA

216
Q

WHAT FORMS THE PLACENTA

A

MOM AND BABY TISSUES

217
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE HORMONES OF THE PLACENTA?

A

MAINTAIN THE ENDOMETRIUM AND PREPARE THE BREASTS FOR MILK

HESI (5 decks)

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