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Viro Exam 2 > Herpesvirus > Flashcards

Herpesvirus Flashcards

1
Q

Important facts on Herpes

A 
• Every animal species has at least 1 type of herpesvirus
• dsDNA 
      --> mRNA and progeny genome
• Enveloped 
      -->  bind PM and Nucleocapsid migrates to cell nucleus for replication
• icosohedral capsid / helical
• Establish latency 
• no common Ag between species
• 3 main families 
       - Alphaherpesvirinae
       - Betaherpesvirinae
       - Gammaherpesvirinae
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2
Q

4 structural units of herpesvirus

A
  1. protein fibrillar spool wrapped around DNA core
  2. capsid composed of 12pentameric &150 hexametric capsomeres
  3. amorphous protein layer btwn capsid & protein
  4. enveloped
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3
Q

Alphaherpesvirinae family

A
  • Short replication pd (<24hr)
  • latency in neural cells

– Equine Herpesvirus

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4
Q

Betaherpesvirinae family

A
  • Long replication pd (>24hr)
  • marrow host range
  • slow destruction in cell culture
  • infected cells enlarge –> cytoplasmic/nuclear inclusions
  • Latent infection in Lymphoreticular & Secretory glands
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5
Q

Important viruses in Shipping fever

A
  • Bovine Herpesvirus 1
  • Bovine parainfluenza virus types 3
  • Bovine respiratory synciytial virus (BRSV)
  • Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)
  • Bovine cononavirus (BCV)
  • Bovine adenovirus (BAV)

Bacteria
- Pasteurella haemolytica

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6
Q

Pathogenesis of shipping fever

A

Viral infections –> ↑ colonization of lower lung by bacteria –> severe pneumonia

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7
Q

What proteins are assoc’d w/ attachment/penetration in bovine herpes virus

A

Glycoprotein B, C, & D

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8
Q

How is Bovine herpes transmitted?

A

Aerosol
Direct contact

    • 1° ruminants
    • 4-6 day incubation period
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9
Q

When does abortion occur w/ bovine herpesvirus?

A

First calf heifer
• any stage of gestation
• 14-90 days following infection

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10
Q

What forms are there of Bovine herpes?

A 
1. Respiratory form (rhinotracheitis)
      • usually mild URI
2. Genital Dz
       • Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV) - cow
       • Infectious pustular balanoposthitis 
                 - bull glands/ prepuce
3. Neural form
        • meningoencephalitis (calves)
4. Systemic dz
        • Focal lesions in liver, forestomach, esophagus
        • young calves, generally fatal
5. Keratoconjunctivitis
        • Role in Pink Eye
        • profuse lacrimation
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11
Q

What is the immune response to Herpes virus?

A
  • Neutralizing Abs

* Secretory IgA & CMI

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12
Q

What is the virus assoc’d w/ Pseudorabies?

What is another name for it?

A

Porcine Herpesvirus 1

• Aujeszky’s Dz

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13
Q

What is a special characteristic assoc’d w/ PRV (pseudorabies) following passage in chick/bovine cell?

A

Spontaneous deletion of “Us” region of genome

• Us = Unique small

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14
Q

What is the main reason for Pseudorabies outbreak?

A

Change in management practice in swine industry
• Reservoir host = Swine
• Dead-end hosts = cattle, sheep, dog/cat, raccoons, rabbits, rodents, chickens

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15
Q

Important Ag proteins of pseudorabies?

A

gB, gC, gH, gD

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16
Q

Pathogenesis of Pseudorabies virus

A

Acute / latent infection of pig –> contact –> viremia –> tonsillar /pharyngeal tissue –> olfactory trigeminal n. & glossopharyngeal n –> brain

  • can replication in respiratory tract –> leukocyte infection
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17
Q

Transmission of Pseudorabies virus

A
  1. Nose-to- nose , licking, biting
  2. vertical transmission to piglet
  3. aerosol
  4. contaminated feed/facility –> cattle infection
  5. infected placenta –> other animals
18
Q

Where is pseudorabies infection most common?

A

Cold climates w/ extensive hog industries

• heat/direct sun/ dry –> inactivates virus

19
Q

What is the difference in clinical presentation btwn young/old/pregnant pigs, assoc’d w/ pseudorabies?

A

Young
• CNS dz
• die w/in 8 days after infection

Older
• respiratory dz

Sow
• Before 30 day gestation
      - abortion + resorption
• after 30 days of gestation
      - still birth & mummification
20
Q 
Clinical signs of Pseduorabies in:
• cattle
• dog
• cat
• rabbits
A

Cattle
• ↓ milk
• frenzied, biting, gnawing at skin
• Die w/in 2 days

Dog
• pruritis
• excessive salivation, howling (like rabies infection)

Cat
• extremely fast progression of dz

Rabbit
• most vulnerable to infection

21
Q

Do maternal Ab’s prevent infection of pseduorabies?

A

NO, prevents signs of dz, but not infection

22
Q

Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV1)

A
  • Young animals – Upper respiratory
  • Induce abortion (@ 8-11month)
    * Usually only once
  • Respiratory dz – intranuclear inclusion
  • Induced neurologic dz
    * Virus spreads from respiratory tract to CNS via Leukocytes
23
Q

EHV-2

A

Chronic throat infection (Lumpy dumpies)

• life long carrier

24
Q

EHV-3

A 
Equine coital exanthema
• Small, raised, red papules --> pustules --> ulcerations
• recovery ~2wks
• mild genital infection  
     - No abortion
25
Q

EHV4

A

• Upper respiratory infection
– eosinophilic intra-nuclear inclusion
• fever lasting 2-5 days
• recovery ~1 wks

26
Q

Gammaherpesvirinae

A

Vericellovirus

–Canine herpesvirus

27
Q

Canine Herpesvirus transmission

A
  1. Oronasal exposure
    • secretion from infected dam
  2. In utero infection – infect while passing thru birth canal
  3. contact w/ infected puppy
  4. fomites
28
Q

What lesions would you see in puppies less than 1 week infected with CHV

A

Fatal generalized infection
• Viral replication in epithelial cells & mucosa of nasopharynx
–viremia via Macrophage infection
• progressive multifocal necrosis & hemorrhage
• generalized lympadenopathy
• DIC
• Menigoencephalitis

Clincal signs 
• hypothermia
• yellow-green feces
• persistant cry
• hemorrhagic nasal discharge
• seizures
• muli-focal necrotizing lesions in placenta
29
Q

What lesions would you see in puppies >2weeks?

A

Mild to subclinical infections

30
Q

Where does the Canine herpes virus replicate?

A
  1. Nasopharynx
  2. Tonsil
  3. Retropharyngeal LN
  4. Bronchial LN
  5. Lungs
  6. Genital tract
31
Q

If a mother has CHV what clinical signs will you see?

A
  • infertility
  • Abortion of mummified / dead fetus
  • still births
  • weak pups
  • not apparent clinical signs
  • maternal Ab or immune lymphocyte thru colostrum
32
Q

Most common transmission of feline herpesvirus

Incubation pd

A

Oronasal & conjunctival exposure w/ oronasal secretions or fomites

2-6 days

33
Q

How does stress affect feline herpes virus shedding?

A

reactivation –> lag period of ~1 wk –>virus excretion for 1-2 wks

34
Q

Initial replication of FHV

A

nasal septum, turbinates, tonsils, nasopharynx

Mostly localized to respiratory tract
–> initially serous discharge–> mucopurulent –> encrusted nares & eyelids

chronic

  • ->multifocal epithelial necrosis w/ neutrophilic infiltration
  • -> osteolytic changes in nasal turbinates
35
Q

Pathogens of feline respiratory infections

A
  1. FHV
  2. Feline calicivirus
  3. Feline reovirus
  4. Bordetella bronchiseptica
  5. chlamydia psittaci
  6. Mycoplasmas
36
Q

Immunity in FHV

A

kittens become sub clinically infected

  • -in the presence of maternal Abs
  • -> Latent carrier

Important for protection
• Neutalizing Ab
• CMI repsonse

37
Q

What is the herpesvirus of Chickens?

A

Marek’s Disease (alphaherpesvirus)
• virus-induced neoplasic dz
• paralysis & lymphosarcoma of peripheral nerves & internal organs
• problem in household flocks which were not vx at 1 day old

3 sero-types
• 1 = oncogenic
• 2 = non-oncogenic
• 3 = Turkey herpesvirus

38
Q

How is Marek’s Dz spread?

A

Virus shed in FEATHER FOLLICLES (dander) –> air currents –> oronasal route

• 4-12 wk incubation pd

39
Q

What are the 3 types of Virus-Cell interations assoc’d w/ Marek’s dz

A

• Productive
- virus particles produced in feather follicle

• Latent

    - virus resides in lymphocytes 
    - w/o virus production

• Transformation

    - only T-lymphocytes Serotype 1 induces neoplastic transformation of T cell genome
     - viral Ag's expressed
40
Q

what is the standard method of protection from Marek’s dz

A

• vx chicks at 1 day

41
Q

What are the natural hosts for Malignant catarrhal fever virus (MCF)

A

Blue wildebeest & black wildebeest
- natural host –inapparent infection

Sheep
-natural / 2° hosts

Cattle & buffalo

  • 2° host
  • acute & generalized dz

Direct contact transmission
• nasal discharge
• 2-4 day incubation

42
Q

Forms of MCF (malignant catarrhal fever)

A
  1. Per-acute (1-3days)
    • severe inflame of oronasl mucosa
    • hemorrhagiic gastroenteritis
2. Intestinal form (4-9 days)
    • pyrexia
    • diarrhea
    • hyperemia of ochulonasal mucosa
    • nasal & ocular discharge
    • LN enlargement
3. Head & eye form = typical (7-14 days)
     • 2-7day pyrexia
     • oculonasal discharge
           -serous to mucoid to purulent
     • dyspnea due to mucoid blockage
     • oral mucosa hypermia w/ diffuse superficial necrosis
  1. Mild form
    • experimental infection w/ modified virus
    –> recovery

Viro Exam 2 (8 decks)

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