Heroes

Question 1

Polycarp (Bishop of Smyrna)

Answer 1

Date: 69-155 Ad
- Knew Apostle of John
- Legendary death. Martyred in 155 AD. Did not renounce Christ

Question 2

Didache

Answer 2

Date: 110 AD?
- Early example of liturgy, church order.
- Various instructions to the early church

Question 3

Letter of Barnabas

Answer 3

120s???
- Vindicated Christian claims to the OT
- Types, shadows, etc

Question 4

Shepherd of Hermes

Answer 4

150s.
- Widely read

Question 5

Justin Martyr

Answer 5

Date: c. 100-165 AD
- Early Apologist
- Converted to Christianity around 130 AD. Born to pagan parents
- Saw continuity between philosophy and Christianity
- Logos Christianity

Question 6

Irenaeus (Bishop of Lyon)

Answer 6

Date: c 130-200 AD
- Wrote against Gnostics in “Against Heresies”

Question 7

Clement of Alexandria

Answer 7

Date: c. 150-215 AD
- Founder of School of Alexandria
- Tried to synthesize platonism & Christianity
- Resisted Docetism and Gnosticism

Question 8

Origen

Answer 8

Dates: 185-254 approx
- Communicates Christianity in Platonic Terms
- Fourfold sense of Scripture (Quadriga) = Allegorical, Anagogical, moral, literal
- Spirit/matter dualism
- Excommunicated in 231, then reinstated. Believed in preexistence of souls, ontological subordination, and more….
- Famous for “On First Principles”

Question 9

Papias

Answer 9

• 60-130 AD
• Bishop of Herophilus…
• One of the earliest witnesses to receptivity of the gospels

Question 10

Athanasius

Answer 10

Dates: 296-373 AD
- Opposed Arianism.
- Spent 17 years in exile
- Wrote “On the Incarnation” and “Orations against the Arians”

Question 11

Homoousios

Answer 11

Son consubstantial with the Father, whereas Homoiousians said that the Son was not consubstantical, but subordinate (Arian Christology)

Question 12

Gregory of Nyssa

Answer 12

Dates (330-395 AD)
- Cappadocian Father
- Deposed by Arians in 376, but came back 2 years later. Defended orthodoxy

Question 13

Basil of Caesarea

Answer 13

Dates (330-379 AD)
- Cappadocian
- Brother of Gregory of Nyssa.
- Wrote “On the Holy Spirit”

Question 14

Gregory of Nazianus (329-389 AD)

Answer 14

Dates (329-389)
- Cappadocian Father
- Helped to establish orthodox view of the HS
- Wrote 5 theological orations

Question 15

Tertullian

Answer 15

Dates (160-225 AD)
- Latin Father
- Trinity vocab from him
- North African
- Possibly a Montanist, though debated
- Wrote on apologetics, ethics, and theology

Question 16

Cyprian of Carthage

Answer 16

Dates (d. 258 AD)
- Latin Father
- Around for Decian Persecution in 249. Martyred in 258
- Opposed Novations

Question 17

Ambrose of Milan

Answer 17

Dates (339-397 AD)
- Latin Father
- Anti-Arian.
- Influential in Augustine’s conversion

Question 18

Jerome

Answer 18

Dates (345-420 AD)
- Latin Father
- Priest in Antioch
- Known for the Latin Vulgate. Knew Greek and Hebrew

Question 19

Augustine of Hippo

Answer 19

Dates (354-430AD)
- Pagan father, mother a believer
- Former Manichean. Listened to Ambrose
- Confessions, De Trinitas, De Doctrina Christiana, etc…

Question 20

Clement of Rome

Answer 20

Dates: 2nd Century Apostolic Father
- Wrote 1 Clement around 96 AD to the Corinthian church.

Question 21

Ignatius of Antioch

Answer 21

Dates: 2nd Century Church Bishop of Antioch
- Martyred in Rome
- Write 7 letters.
- Opposed Docetism and Gnosticism

Question 22

Eusebius of Caesarea

Answer 22

Dates: 263-339 AD
- Writer of History of the Church
- Supporter of Origen. At Nicea

Question 23

Constantine

Answer 23

• Converted to Christianity in 312
• Made Christianity the state religion by the Edict of Milan in 313
• Becomes ruler of Eastern and Western Empire in 324, calling Council of Nicea in 325

Question 24

Cyril of Alexandria

Answer 24

• 378-444 AD
• Opposed Nestorius
• His fight helped lead to the Council of Ephesus in 431, when Nestorianism was condemned