Heresies & Heretics & Villains

Question 1

Gnosticism

Answer 1

Quest for salvation from physical world through secret knowledge
-Spirit/matter dualism

Question 2

Ebionites

Answer 2

Jewish “Christians” with adoptionist Christology

Question 3

Marcion

Answer 3

• Believed in OT God vs NT God
• Docetic Christology (Christ only appeared human)
• OT = wrath, NT = love
• Excommunicated in 144 AD

Question 4

Paul of Samosta

Answer 4

-3rd Century
- Dynamic Modalist: Son an attribute of the Father
- Adoptionist Christology

Question 4

Sabellius (3rd Century)

Answer 4

Monarchian Modalist… God one. 3 persons illusions, not actual persons. Succession of modes of being
- Tertullian opposed this

Question 5

Arius

Answer 5

• 336AD d.
• Ontological subordination
• There was when the Son was not

Question 6

Nestorius

Answer 6

• 351-451 AD
• Believed that there are two persons because of the two natures of Christ
• Deposed at Council of Ephesusin 431 AD

Question 7

Eutyches

Answer 7

• c.378-454
• Monophysite: One nature of Christ
• Deposed at Constantinople (451 AD)

Question 8

Pelagius

Answer 8

• 4th century
• Denied Adam’s federal headship. Depravity
• Only become sinners when we sin
• Rival of Augustine. Was excommunicated at Council of Carthage and proclaimed a heretic

Question 9

Julian the Apostate

Answer 9

Date: mid 4th centurty
- Emperor who was raised as a Christian
- Reputed Christianity and wanted to forbid it

Question 10

Montanus

Answer 10

• 2 Century
• Proto Pentecostal
• Claimed direct revelation

Question 11

Apollonarianism

Answer 11

Apollinarianism is a Christological heresy that denied the true humanity of Jesus by saying that His Logos or divine aspect replaced His human soul.
- Condemned at Constantinople in 381

Question 12

Macedonianism

Answer 12

Believed the Holy Spirit is a creature. Condemned at Constantinople, where the Nicene Creed was produced (381)

Question 13

Nestorianism

Answer 13

Divided Jesus into two persons (God the Word and Jesus the Man). Condemned at Ephesus 431

Question 14

Eutychians

Answer 14

Believed the two natures of Christ were confused/mixed. Condemned at Chalcedon in 451

Question 15

Who were the Donatists?

Answer 15

Led by Donatus in the early 4th century, Donatists believed the ministers must be faultless, therefore those who were immoral or lapsed in the Diocletian persecution did not give out valid baptisms

Question 16

Who were the Novatians?

Answer 16

Would not administer sacraments to those who lapsed during the Decian persecution in 250 AD. Refused to admit them back into the church. Declared heretical

Question 17

Platonism